When the girl insists, the woman throws a dish of lentils into the ashes for her to pick up, guaranteeing her permission to attend the festival if she can clean up the lentils in two hours. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. He then tries to find her, led only by a slipper she leaves behind. It's an adaptation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's version. 6. . This version is much more violent than that of Charles Perrault and Disney, in that Cinderella's father has not died and the two stepsisters mutilate their feet to fit in the golden slipper. In other fairy tales featuring the ball, she was driven from home by the persecutions of her father, usually because he wished to marry her. (This makes the opera Aarne-Thompson type 510B.) Usually a fairy godmother. Cinderella Love was one such example. Cinderella and her princelive happily forever after, a rags-to-riches story. The glass slipper is unique to Charles Perrault's version and its derivatives; in other versions of the tale it may be made of other materials (in the version recorded by the Brothers Grimm, German: Aschenbroedel and Aschenputtel, for instance, it is gold) and in still other tellings, it is not a slipper but an anklet, a ring, or a bracelet that gives the prince the key to Cinderella's identity. Students will explore storytelling traditions and make comparisons between cultural versions of Cinderella. The prince calls her father who chops down the tree, wondering if it could be Aschenputtel, but Aschenputtel was already in the kitchen when the father arrives home. Further morphology studies have continued on this seminal work. Author Charles Perraults Cinderella is probably the most well-known version, and is the version that still inspires adaptations today. Meanwhile, versions of Cinderella have been modified for more modern times. It has to do with the fact that servants and scullions were usually soiled with ash at that time, because of their cleaning work and also because they had to live in cold basements so they usually tried to get warm by sitting close to the fireplace. Dundes, Alan. What do you know about Cinderella? Printed: Otley, England by William Walker. He was the one who added in the fairy. While attending school, Sam begins and online romance with another boy from her school. [24], 20th century folktale collector Kenichi Mizusawa published an analysis of Japanese variants of Cinderella, separating them into two types: "Nukabuku, Komebuku" (about rival step-sisters) and "Ubagawa" (about the heroine's disguise). Stepsister trying the slipper, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922, The prince pleading for Cinderella to try the shoe, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922, Trying on the Slipper, Sarah Noble Ives, c.1912, Cinderella trying on the slipper, 1865 edition, Dean & Son's Cinderella "surprise book" with moving images, c.1875, Finding that the slipper fits, educational poster by Hans Printz, 1905. Includes resources federal and state resources. I cant wait to dig into more! Grimm's version was just as wonderful, but had more twisted moments than Disney's story. The Grimm Brothers version is different from the retelling movie of A Cinderella Story due to change in setting, tone and the story plot due to modern changes. 4 What makes the Cinderella story so popular after all these years? She used to work as a servant in the King's palace. All rights reserved. Despite the fact that we have moved on from the 2000s, the films that followed didnt reflect the change in times in a meaningful way. You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. They banish her into the kitchen, and give her the nickname "Aschenputtel" ("Ashfool"). By the 1970s, both men and women were questioning the desirability and usefulness of traditional gender roles. Tell us which story you enjoy and why!:). Its an Intermediate 15 minute read. Coming across, so far, three versions of the story of Cinderella during McGill's Chapbook Digitization Project, I thought I would share a short comparison between the three, in no particular order: Version 1: Title: The History of Cinderella; or, the Little Glass Slipper. The Power of Three: Why Fairy Tales Often Feature a Triple. The father came home ahead of time and the prince asks him to chop the pigeon coop down, but Aschenputtel has already escaped from the back, to the graveyard to the hazel tree to return her fine clothes. These adaptations are ridiculously camp and over the top not in a competent way but does play to our nostalgic sentiments, especially if weve watched A Cinderella Story for the hundredth time and need something new. In "The Anklet", it's a magical alabaster pot the girl purchased with her own money that brings her the gowns and the anklets she wears to the ball. Often, this is said by the stepmother or stepsisters. Part 1 includes 4 stories written or retold by Shirley Climo: The Korean Cinderella, The Irish Cinderlad, The Persian Cinderella, and The Egyptian Cinderella (some believe this story of a slave girl, Rhodopis, who was stolen away from her home in Greece is the original Cinderella!). Social scientists such as Eric Klinenberg and Bella DePaulo show that for an increasing number of us, the traditional nuclear family model of living, with breadwinner husband, dependent wife and two or three children, is no longer relevant. Il Yeh-Shen is a young girl who befriends and shares a handful of rice with a magical fish in a nearby pond. Perhaps the blonde-haired, blue eyed, Disney princess? 235) in his Miscellaneous History, which was written entirely in Greek. [22] Its collectors compared it to the Vietnamese story of Tam and Cam. [50] The 1950 Disney adaptation takes advantage of the slipper being made of glass to add a twist whereby the slipper is shattered just before Cinderella has the chance to try it on, leaving her with only the matching slipper with which to prove her identity. Why are there so many versions of Cinderella? In: Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 116 W. W. Norton & company, London, New York, 2004, Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 126-8 W. W. Norton & company, London, New York, 2004. The stories of Cinderella around the world appear in countless cultures. Great to learn about This classic Fairy Tale and the multicultural versions! This brings us to the 20th century and Disneys animated tale being the first feature film to bring the story to the big screen. Suddenly, her Fairy Godmother appears and magically transforms everything she needs for the ball. Cinderella has come a long way from its origins as a tale about persecution and the dangers of systemic oppression. [12], A second predecessor for the Cinderella character, hailing from late Antiquity, may be Aspasia of Phocaea. [43], In La Cenerentola, Gioachino Rossini inverted the sex roles: Cenerentola is mistreated by her stepfather. And in the year before that, we had Rodgers & Hammersteins Cinderella, starring Brandy and Whitney Houston. It is often thought that fairy tales live on because they express unchanging truths about the human condition. Learn how your comment data is processed. Its great story, and wonderful for families who have internet (or a kindle!) Thanks so much Becky for joining us for Multicultural Childrens Book Day and for sharing this great list! 2023 TIME USA, LLC. The "oldest known oral version of the Cinderella story is the ancient Greek story of Rhodopis, a Greek courtesan living in the colony of Naucratis in Egypt" [ Wikipedia] Other authors create an entirely new world or take on the traditional story as well. (1986), an episode of, The story was retold as part of the episode ", This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:44. When it comes to the royal ball part of the story, there are so many differences, yet it is also very similar. One day the gentleman visits a fair, promising his stepdaughters gifts of luxury. Ever After (1998): 7.0 Aschenputtelin German,Cendrillonin French,Cenerentolain Italian. A. There is more insight into Ellas (Lily James) past with her parents, Prince Charmings (Richard Madden) relationship with his father is filled with love and respect Ellas bond with the Prince makes more sense given how both of them know what its like to lose both parents. The little bird and his friends help her do her chores, and even give her a magnificent dress for the ball. . It truly is amazing that the story is so ancient and has touched so many cultures! [9]:41 Fresne's true parentage is revealed[9]:41 and, as a result of her noble birth, she is allowed to marry her beloved,[9]:41 while her twin sister is married to a different nobleman. This article is about the folk tale. By the end of the ball iklemfusa would run away hiding herself in the cellars of the Palace. Aschenputtel, in her haste to elude the prince, loses one of her golden slippers on that pitch. In Rossini's opera "La Cenerentola" ("Cinderella"), the slipper is replaced by twin bracelets to prove her identity. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [16][17][18], The tale of Ye Xian first appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang written by Duan Chengshi around 860. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others, they are male. The earliest documented European version was by Giambattista Basile in his collection Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories), also known as Stories from the Pentamerone. But the story was already being retold in countless childrens picture books, romance literature, and in ballet and theater performances in the late 1940s. The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (book 17, 33): "They [the Egyptians] tell the fabulous story that, when she was bathing, an eagle snatched one of her sandals from her maid and carried it to Memphis; and while the king was administering justice in the open air, the eagle, when it arrived above his head, flung the sandal into his lap; and the king, stirred both by the beautiful shape of the sandal and by the strangeness of the occurrence, sent men in all directions into the country in quest of the woman who wore the sandal; and when she was found in the city of Naucratis, she was brought up to Memphis, and became the wife of the king."[7]. Cinderella mistakes Dandini for the Prince and the Prince for Dandini. Whether its WWE news or something from across the sea, lets talk shop. In The Wonderful Birch, the stepmother, a witch, manages to substitute her daughter for the true bride after she has given birth. The greek version is messed up.. cool site though! [37], Africanist Sigrid Schmidt stated that "a typical scene" in Kapmalaien (Cape Malays) tales is the mother becoming a fish, being eaten in fish form, the daughter burying her bones and a tree sprouting from her grave. Changes, even if subtle, can create differences in the meaning or characteristics of the . Aschenputtel requests her aid by praying at her grave, on which a tree is growing. The prince put Aschenputtel before him on his horse and rode off to the palace. Everything starts with desire (Zolushka 4x4. Her father, Baron Hardup, is under the thumb of his two stepdaughters, the Ugly sisters, and has a servant, Cinderella's friend Buttons. The oldest known version of this story comes from the first century B.C.E. On the following night the Prince gave her a diamond and on the third night he gave her a ring with a large gem on it. 2023 Fairytalez.com, a VareGuide / Weider Media production. Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter. Elsa is far too preoccupied trying to deal with the conflict in her own life to obsess about princes. The Cinder-Maid is the Cinderella tale collected by Joseph Jacobs, and published inEuropas Fairy Book. When Does Fortnite: Chapter 4 Season 1 End? [21] Later after marrying the king, Tm was killed by her stepmother and sister, and reincarnated several times in form of a bird, a loom and a "gold apple". Magazines, Or create a free account to access more articles, What the Rise and Fall of the Cinderella Fairy Tale Means for Real Women Today. For Cinderella fans who want a longer story, the 27 minute Intermediate read is a delight. Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources, , this version of Cinderella features a character named Mary, and nicknamed. The stepmother plans to kill the dun bull once she realizes the animal helps the girl, but the duo get away. The heroine Tm also had a fish that was killed by the stepmother and the half-sister, and its bones also give her clothes. The 1997 Walt Disney TV Cinderella, based on Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical version, was more feminist and ethnically inclusive, with Brandy Norwood starring in the title role. Rotten Tomatoes called it an uninspired, generic updating of the classic fairy tale, with a lackluster 12% score to its name. This wonderful story takes place in rural Hidalgo, Mexico, and is filled with proverbs in Spanish and English. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. So begins the age-old tale of a kindhearted . This gorgeous version was illustrated version by Marcia Brown and won the Caldecott Medal in 1950. Her dream is, of course, to go to a ball, and the magic lasts until midnight. , The Hearth-Cat is a Cinderella story from the collection. Her dream is, of course, to go to a ball, and the magic lasts until midnight. Here the Cinderella character wears a coat made by rushes, and like the Bulgarian Cinderella, a magic cow helps her with fine garments to meet the prince. After so many different iterations, do we really need a new one? [30], However, the second moral of the story mitigates the first one and reveals the criticism that Perrault is aiming at: That "without doubt it is a great advantage to have intelligence, courage, good breeding, and common sense. The Cinderella page on the Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts site contains the texts of folktales and related stories from a variety of different countries about persecuted heroines. She plants the branch near her mothers grave, where she weeps so much that a tree grows in the spot. At the time, Disney was starting the whole live action adaptations of animated classics trend. Tam Cam: The Untold/Film synopsis What are the three versions of Cinderella? The story itself was set in the Kingdom of Naples, at that time the most important political and cultural center of Southern Italy and among the most influential capitals in Europe, and written in the Neapolitan dialect. Another story that takes place in Mexico, Monica from Mommy Maestra, read Tomie dePaolas story Adelita: A Mexican Cinderella Story. Gioachino Rossini, having agreed to do an opera based on Cinderella if he could omit all magical elements, wrote La Cenerentola, in which she was aided by Alidoro, a philosopher and formerly the Prince's tutor. Other variants have her helped by talking animals, as in Katie Woodencloak, Rushen Coatie, Bawang Putih Bawang Merah, The Story of Tam and Cam, or The Sharp Grey Sheepthese animals often having some connection with her dead mother; in The Golden Slipper, a fish aids her after she puts it in water. Duff, who became a household name after the Lizzie McGuire series, with her girl next door sunny disposition, already embodied the key traits of Cinderella herself. Katie Woodencloak is sometimes referred to as Katie Woodengown. Request Answer. Young men didnt always see eye to eye with their female counterparts on the issue of early marriage, these titles told their readers, but might be baited with the promise of sex. ESL and Spanish teacher, 5 bilingual and multicultural kids, sharing ideas to teach kids about world cultures and our planet through travel, food, music, celebrations, service, maps, art, and projects. 5 Cinderella (2015) - 6.9. [13][14], The twelfth-century AD lai of Le Fresne ("The Ash-Tree Girl"), retold by Marie de France, is a variant of the "Cinderella" story[9]:41 in which a wealthy noblewoman abandons her infant daughter at the base of an ash tree outside a nunnery with a ring and brocade as tokens of her identity[9]:41 because she is one of twin sisters[9]:41the mother fears that she will be accused of infidelity[9]:41 (according to popular belief, twins were evidence of two different fathers). And now, in 2021, we are getting another version of Cinderella, starring Camila Cabello in the lead role, Billy Porter as Fab G (the fairy godmother in other words) and Idina Menzel will play Evelyn, the evil stepmother. Why are there so many versions of Cinderella? A modern edition of the original French text by Perrault is found in Charles Perrault. [19] Her stepmother and half-sister kill the fish, but Ye Xian finds the bones, which are magical, and they help her dress appropriately for a local Festival, including a very light golden shoe. Three fairies help the poor girl giving her three special gifts, and goes to the races. The Rough-Face Girl In a village by the shores of Lake Ontario lived an invisible being. However, even these may fail to bring you success, without the blessing of a godfather or a godmother."[30]. In fact, there have been so many versions of this fairytale that in 1893 folklorist Marian Roalfe Cox published a book entitled Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella . Representation provides more opportunity for future generations, so Camila Cabello's Cinderella was a delight to watch. If your kids or teens like fairy tale retelling with a . The story of Cinderella has generated hundreds, some say thousands, of versions around the world. Kid World Citizen 2011. The next morning, the prince goes to Aschenputtel's house and tries the slipper on the eldest stepsister. Playwright James Lapine incorporated this motif into the Cinderella plotline of the musical Into the Woods. Researchers believe there may be over 800 versions of Cinderella around the world, with origins dating back as far as 850. There are some small differences that are fun to explore with the kids if they pick up on them. The stepmother plans to kill the dun bull once she realizes the animal helps the girl, but the duo get away. The cow aids her in her plight and is like the fairy godmother of other tales. "CINDERELLA". [52] Such tales continue the fairy tale into what is in effect a second episode. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except as expressly permitted in writing by Kid World Citizen. The first European version written in prose was published in Naples, Italy, by Giambattista Basile, in his Pentamerone (1634). A protective force sent to help the heroine. Chrissy, from The Outlaw Mom Blog, read a Cinderella story from Thailand called Kao and The Golden Fish as remembered by Wilai Punpattanakul-Crouch and retold by Cheryl Hamada. Then there are the more traditional versions that plays it close to the source material, like Kenneth Branaghs Cinderella in 2015. The film was released on December 6 . Classified as a story of unjust oppresion and triumphant reward, Cinderella is a story thats remained popular for centuries, though you may not know that there are other variations of this story all over the world. Cinderella!" Its a story of a poor girl stuck in the cinders who finds love and wealth with a handsome prince. Also, the costumes were fantastic. It featured stories with titles such as Rustic Cinderella or My Prince Charming, and gave advice on finding and making sure of Mr. Dealing with censorship challenges at your library or need to get prepared for them? As she dozes off, the girl has a vision of a dove transforming into a woman, who instructs her on how to remove a physical imperfection and restore her own beauty. [15] The infant is discovered by the porter, who names her Fresne, meaning "Ash Tree",[9]:41 and she is raised by the nuns. Mari, Whitney @ Pen Pals and Picture Books says, Lovely collaboration!! [9]:41 After she has attained maturity, a young nobleman sees her and becomes her lover. This cute book is absolutely packed with Australian slang and cultural references- and Jackie has helped us all by providing a list of translations! Walt Disney put some of the "Cinde Continue Reading All Rights Reserved. Herodotus, some five centuries before Strabo, records a popular legend about a possibly related courtesan named Rhodopis in his Histories,[9]:27 claiming that she came from Thrace, was the slave of Iadmon of Samos and a fellow-slave of the story-teller Aesop, was taken to Egypt in the time of Pharaoh Amasis, and freed there for a large sum by Charaxus of Mytilene, brother of Sappho the lyric poet. The girl retreats to the graveyard and asks to be clothed in silver and gold. Its a 12 minute read at the Advanced level. "Reviewed Work: by " [. [55] In 1830 Rophino Lacy used Rossini's music but with spoken dialogue in a comic opera with many of the main characters: the Baron, the two stepsisters and Pedro the servant all as comic characters, plus a Fairy Queen instead of a magician. The first Cinderella was Greek. Usually these films were helmed by a female lead that we were familiar with, which of course makes the films more marketable. The text is presented at the end of the book- but parents and kids can tell the story as they like. There she had to do hard work from morning till night, get up before daybreak, carry water, light fires, cook and wash. What are the similarities and differences between the stories? The gentleman goes on his way, and acquires presents for his stepdaughters. She tells her wishes to the bird, and every time the bird throws down to her what she has wished for. For Cinderella fans who want a longer story, the 27 minute Intermediate read is a delight. She befriends a fish, which is the reincarnation of her deceased mother. She longs for . Diversity in casting is vital, especially in leading roles of princes and princesses. His own daughter merely begs for the first twig to knock his hat off on the way. While the storyline is similar to the Disney version of Cinderella, this re-telling of Cinderella has African-American origin- it is so important for all kids to see diversity in children's literature! This story is an Easy 8 minute read. Sure, they update the technology Sam had a flip phone while Maranos character goes viral on social media but the storytelling is remarkably similar in this film and Gomezs film, even though both films were made 11 years apart. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's German version of Cinderella, "Aschenputtel," is a household story of a young girl named Cinderella who eventually marries a prince. Its so hard to believe that one story can have so many different cultural re-tellings. Sisters Anna and Elsa are flawed and personable. So, when it came to an adaption of Cinderella, there was no better person to play the lead role than Hilary Duff. There was something predatory about this, on both sides. The advent of the contraceptive pill and access to legalized abortion helped to weaken the assumption that sexual activity should be properly confined within marriage. The film takes the time to build the romance between Danielle and Prince Henry (Dougray Scott), and even more importantly, a friendship. Short of . Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital By the time the next decade came to an end, it was clear that the dream was not very realistic, as it turned out. And the shoe fits: Brandy. March 13, 2015, 12:45 PM. Visit our Fight Censorship page for easy-to-access resources. []. Another Irish Cinderella tale, Fair, Brown and Trembling was collected by Jeremiah Curtin forMyths and Folk-Lore of Irelandand is about three sisters, daughters of King Aadh Crucha. In this tale, Cinderella is known as Ashey Pelt, and she has a magical black ewe. Thank you For sharing!!! She is forced to do all kinds of hard work from dawn to dusk for the sisters. Anastasia uses the magic wand to reverse time and convince Prince Charming . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Fairy Godmother Uses Magic For Everything In the movie, Cinderella is heartbroken that she can't go to the ball. Think of the main characters, the setting, and the plot. Why are there so many Cinderella? Related Groups, Organizations, Affiliates & Chapters, ALA Upcoming Annual Conferences & LibLearnX, We Cant Seem to Find the Page You Are Looking For. Like the first two films on this list, this live-action version has Ella meeting her prince ahead of the ball as well. Zeen is a next generation WordPress theme. The Perrault version,Cendrillon, features the fairy godmother who transforms a pumpkin, mice, a rat, and a lizard into carriage and coachman. Even after her evil stepmother kills and eats the fish, he comes back to help her get ready. The rest of the Grimms Cinderella follows the same pattern as most Cinderella stories, with the prince looking for the maiden who left her slipper in this story, the slipper is golden, and the stepsisters result to drastic measures to get the slipper to fit. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There exists a Cambodian version (called "Khmer" by the collectors) with the name Nang Kantoc. However a protective magical being assists her. In this tale, Cinderella is known as Ashey Pelt, and she has a magical black ewe. It has all of the familiar concepts (poor young girl, wicked stepmother, royalty looking for a wife, and a left-behind slipper), with a lot of cultural connections. (The Story of Stories), also known as Stories from the Pentamerone. Cinderella is a story of a sweet, kind girl who is put in an impossible situation yet keeps her head held high until her wicked step-family deny their contract of "one night off for the ball" by lying about the state of the house and actively sabotaging her chances of going. And when she had dressed herself the hazel tree opened and from it came a coach all made of copper with four milk-white horses, with coachman and footmen all complete. The ewe tells her to strike a stone three times, and shell get what she wishes. The Grimms Cinderella. When the Prince ate the biscuits he found the gifts he had given to the mysterious Princess and soon realized the huge mistake he had made of ignoring iklemfusa because of her poor looks. Is it time to call time on the threat of the midnight curfew, and maybe on Cinderella stories altogether? Undeniably one of the most well-read fairy tales made popular by Disney's 1950s film, Cinderella describes the life of a young woman forced into servitude by her stepmother until she is freed by her fairy godmother and a charming prince. "Cinderella or The Little Glass Slipper" is an online version of the classic tale by Charles Perrault. We had Another Cinderella Story (2008) with Selena Gomez, Lucy Hales A Cinderella Story: Once Upon A Song (2011), A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016) starring Sofia Carson, and another adaptation that is as recent as two years ago, which is A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish (2019) with Laura Marano. The idea of one true lovea spouse who would provide for every possible need, economic and emotional, and would go on doing this for some 60 years or morewas looking, to say the least, optimistic. Female heroines in Disney films of recent years have been much spunkier than those of the 1950s. The Brothers Grimm also have a popular, yet more gruesome, version of Cinderella. Nor do they fall instantly in love with anything princely in tights. stepmother, the other stepsister, fairy god mother, and the shoe. A man may be a comrade or a companion on a journey for a woman, but he is no longer an ending. The Intermediate tale can be read in 11 minutes. "The Cinderella Project" is a text and image archives drawn from the deGrummond Children's Literature Research collection at the University of Southern Mississippi. Pointing out these details to your kids while you read turns storytime into a multicultural lesson. Even more beloved is the Drew Barrymore classic Ever After: A Cinderella Story (1998), which gives us a more plucky, heroine version of Cinderella. for Library Service to Children (ALSC), Assn. Thanks for organizing, Becky. Perrault's version of Cinderella preserves the spirit of the original story while making it better to be easily accessible to the readers of the present world. 3. The white bird drops a gold and silver gown and silk shoes. Why Does Cinderella Keep Getting Adapted? It is their last chance of redemption, but since they are desperate to win the new princess' affections, they don't give up and go through the ceremony, so when the wedding comes to an end, and Aschenputtel and her beloved prince march out of the church, her doves fly again, promptly striking the remaining eyes of the two evil stepsisters blind, a truly awful comeuppance they have to endure. One of the oldest versions of Cinderella Ye Xian comes out of China and was published in the 9th century , about a thousand years before the European . This Irish version has a great deal more detail, and is an 19 minute Intermediate read. They soon made marriage arrangements and she became his wife. [41], Although many variants of Cinderella feature the wicked stepmother, the defining trait of type 510A is a female persecutor: in Fair, Brown and Trembling and Finette Cendron, the stepmother does not appear at all, and it is the older sisters who confine her to the kitchen. Rags to Riches stories had long appealed in North America. The story of Cinderella is one of the most popular in the world. This post may containaffiliate links. The cruel sisters do nothing but mock her and make her chores harder by creating messes. The tales origins appear to date back to a Chinese story from the ninth century, Yeh-Shen, but Cinderella is not just one story; more than 500 versions have been foundjust in Europe.
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