The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. 22 Feb. 2023 . The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China, - the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces, - was initiated as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; It took nine years of warfare and great loss of life before the rebellion was put down. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. A second major contributor was internal turmoil, expressed in a series of devastating rebellions beginning in 1794 with the White Lotus rebellion, and ending with the Boxer Rebellion of 18991901 and Wuchang Uprising of 19111912. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. The British under Queen Victoria were a huge market for Chinese teas, but the Qing refused to engage in trade negotiations, rather demanding that Britain pay for the tea in gold and silver. Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. ", Dai, Yingcong. This internecine war lasted over ten years, at a cost of tens of thousands of lives and an expenditure, by the government alone, of two hundred million taels in money. The White Lotus peasant rebellion broke out in 1795 (White Lotus was the name of a secret society that had first fought against the Mongols). The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608 (accessed March 4, 2023). The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. . The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). By that time, however, the regular government forces were too ridden with corruption to be of any use. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. Within China, dissent grew, and the empire began to crumble from within. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Although the Manchu finally crushed (1804) the rebellion, the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchu was shattered, perhaps contributing to the greater frequency of rebellions in the 19th cent. The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. The nine-years long White Lotus war had devastated a large number of districts in Central China. The feared Manchu banners, since their conquests of the early 1700s, showed they were no longer a military force of much value, and the emperor had to recruit a new army made up of Chinese militia. "White Lotus Rebellion [13], Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. The White Lotus Rebellion began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. ", Without any clear enemy to fight, brutality against civilians became more common. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. In 2014, with the publication of White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates: Crisis and Reform in the Qing Empire (2014), Wensheng Wang challenged the perception of the Jiaqing reign (1796-1802) as a "dead middle hiatus" between its past and present by arguing that the emperor successfully carried out policy reforms that readjusted the priorities of governance and enabled the dynasty to . When they congregate and oppose the government, they are rebels; when they disperse and depart, they are civilians once more. ." The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. Members of the society were not ethnically different from Han Chinese, but subscribed to a belief based on a mixture of Taoism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism. Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. As one Qing official complained:[9]. [10], The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of military invincibility of the Manchu, perhaps contributing to the greater frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. The balance of power had tipped decidedly away from the imperial court and toward the foreign powers. What should be done with these revolutionary cultists? Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. Imperial Mistakes that can be demarcated by a territorial boundary and identified by its distinctive clothing and language. An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. Qing rule gradually collapsed during the second half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th, due to a complicated interplay between internal and external factors. ." Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. Main article: White Lotus Rebellion Beginning in 1794, two decades after Wang Lun's failed uprising, a movement also arose in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan from Hubei and Shaanxi in central China as tax protests. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. [12] The experience of suppressing the rebellion led to improvement in the organization and training of the militia, as many of their leaders wrote extensively on mobilization, enlistment and local defense methods. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Chinese authorities burned 20,000 bales of opium, and the British retaliated with a devastating invasion of mainland China, in two wars known as the Opium Wars of 183942 and 185660. Ch'ien-lung (1711-1799) was the fourth emperor of the Ch'ing, or Manchu, dynasty in China. [CDATA[ How did the Rebellion impact the Qing dynasty? When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. The Cult of the White Lotus, a secret revolutionary society, has once again become popular among the common people. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. Corrections? ." White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). The Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung) (reigned 173599) sent Helin, brother to the infamously corrupt eunuch Heshen and Fukangan, related by marriage to the Emperor, to quell the uprising. east peoria courier arrests,
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