As we approached her yesterday, her deck wore the appearance of a swamp covered with dried flags; the long knife-like pieces of whalebone in its natural state being piled on end all around the ship. Man Proposes, God Disposes Painting. The Sharp-headed Finner Whale. The Slop Chest Whaling was said to be good money but sailors quickly discovered the truth. With the advent of mechanized whaling in the early 1900s, whalers were able to exploit faster species (blue, fin, sei), and the industry revived for a few decades. Yankees from New England and Long Island; Of the more than 700 whaling ships on the world's oceans in the 1840s, more than 400 called New Bedford their home port. The early deep sea whalers usually carried crews of: List of Illustrations. Banded Seal, and Fur Seal American School. 3. It from 0 to 10 are automatically scored by our tool based upon the data collected (at the time of writing, more than 4,000 books and 3,000 authors). Some three weeks later, another sailor in that boat died, and the decision was made to cannibalize his body. A fine, colorful and definitive study of whaling. Whaling was a multi-million dollar industry, and some scientists estimate that more whales were hunted in the early 1900s than in the previous four centuries combined.Eventually, kerosene, petroleum, and other fossil fuels became much more popular and reliable than whale oil. Whaling "is a wretched life [of] privations and hardship deprived of friends and society," John Scott DeBlois (1816-1885) wrote in an 1844 letter to his family in Newport. Each man held a role with which came specific tasks. $11. Dave Weller, a research biologist at NOAAs Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla, California, says the eastern Pacific gray whale population has recovered.I think there is pretty good evidence that a moratorium on hunting has allowed certain populations to recover from depleted status when they were being whaled, he says.According to Weller, the IWCs moratorium on whale hunting is one of two major steps the organization is taking.The other thing that the IWC has very successfully done is to collect information and provide analysis of data to help us understand the status of various populations that in some cases we knew very little about, he says.Despite the general moratorium, limited whaling is permitted to indigenous cultures.In the United States, the Inuit Eskimos in the north slope of Alaska, in Barrow, Alaska, still hunt for bowhead whales, Weller says. The huge whale became famous for escaping ships over the next 28 years before he was at last killed by whalers in a dramatic encounter that was publicized by writer Jeremiah N. Reynolds in an. Williams, of New London, was wrecked on Cape Elizabeth, about the 14th of June: all hands and cargo saved. Jimmy Aldridge and Sid Goldsmith sang The Bonny Ship the 'Diamond' in 2014 on their Fellside CD Let the Wind Blow High or Low. The whales appeared in the greatest number at the latter part of the season, when the weather was intensely cold, the thermometer being 10 degrees below aero, rendering the work both very laborious and dangerous, owing to the ships getting iced up and the men's hands and feet becoming frozen in the boats. November 7, 1871, Sacramento Daily Union, Sacramento, California, U.S.A. Researchers make haunting discoveries while peering deep inside H.M.S. Sea Elephant and Sea Lion . The following named vessels are reported as having arrived from the California coast : Whale-ships General Scott and Winslow, barques President Kelly and Endeavor. Outline of Roys' "Bunchback." Snapshot from video. Hunting, from Ochotsk Sea, Oct. 3d, arrived at this port at a late hour last evening. Today, fine scrimshaw miniatures adorn handcrafted knives, jewelry, billiard cues, cigarette lighters, and many other objects. But the island off the coast of Massachusetts also made. Whale oil and baleen (sometimes called whalebone, although its not bone at all) were valuable commodities. The loss on New Bedford whalers in the Arctic is nearly $600,000, mostly insured In Boston and New York offices, the Boylston, New England, Washington and Manufacturers' of Boston, and tbe Orient of New York. Nantucket and the mainland Massachusetts town of New Bedford were the whaling capitals of the . The Essex was reportedly built in Amesbury, Massachusetts. Negroes, as African-Americans were called at the time. After spotting the animal, whaleboatsmeasuring some 25 feet (7.5 metres)were launched with about six men on board. FREE delivery Thu, Mar 9 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. Difficult to locate copies, but worthwhile if possible: John W. Goff (1848-1924) was an Irish-born lawyer and judge, and also a committed Irish nationalist. Although Yankees still went whaling, few shipped out as foremast hands more than once. Aleutian Islander's Whale Harpoon An ordinary crewman might earn only $25.00 for several years work. A number of seaports in New England supported the whaling industry, but one town, New Bedford, Massachusetts, became known as the world's center of whaling. Under this theory, the agitated animal believed that the boat was actually another male that had entered his territory. American colonists relied on whale oil to light most of their lamps.By the mid-1700s, it became increasingly difficult to find whales near the Atlantic coast. The Striped or Common Porpoise. Though whales were never hunted in San Francisco Bay itself, the whaling industry had a long presence along the Pacific Coast. Greenhands: These were first timers. By indiscriminate slaughter, the whale of our ancestors has nearly been exterminated, leaving behind him a small number of his family, such as is seen off the coast of this State, which possess little commercial value. Appearance of a Male Sea Lion when Roaring, and Female Sea Lions, of St. Paul's Island There are men here at all times to be had -- ready for a cruise to any portion of the world. Realizing that the ship was doomed, Pollard believed they should head for either the Marquesas or Society islands, more than 1,200 miles (2,200 km) or 2,000 miles (3,700 km) away, respectively. Thus the right whale and the bowhead of the Arctic and Behring Sea have come to be more valuable by reason of the whale-bone they yield than the sperm whale. The Catalpa was 202 tons, 90 feet long and 25 feet broad. The other whaleboats fared worse. Famous pirate quotes and sayings. And yet, the sperm whale that destroyed the Essex, a famous whaling ship out of Nantucket, was nearly twice as long. Most greenhands deserted their vessel before their voyage ended. The industry continued until many years of whaling forced the creatures almost into extinction. No whales were found on tho west coast, though the ocean was free of ice. The number of sperm whales taken in 1889 by American whalers was 67 per cent of the total catch, as against 29 per cent of right whales and bowheads; but the latter realized 70 per cent of the total yield of the fishery, as against 30 per cent realized by the sperm whales. However, Chase and Second Mate Matthew Joy believed that they would likely encounter cannibals. Sailors now learn, very soon after reaching San Francisco, that the mines are not suited for them. Cachalot is an old name for the sperm whale. Hitch, $16,000; Josephine, Swift & Perry, $40,000; Marengo, B. H. Bartlett & Sons. On July 13, 1813, the Greenwich, a British ship captured by the US Navy, which was at war with Britain, captured the Seringapatam off Tumbes, Peru. With over 700 photos, this book presents a history of scrimshaw, provides instruction on carving and decorating beautiful scrimshaw, and displays a gallery of 45 international artists. Copyright ~ 1998-2018. She brings 660 bbls oil, 10,000 lbs. In 1799 the Essex was launched, and it was believed to have been used as a merchant ship before being converted into a whaling vessel. This unique book gives artists, collectors, and everyone interested in scrimshaw a great reference. These captains are some of the most enduring characters who have many books, comics, and movies made on them. In addition to this well-financed pelagic whaling, a small-scale commerce in coastal whales (gray, humpback, orca), hunted from rowboats that went out for the day, developed in several coastal communities, including Carmel, Monterey, Moss Landing, Davenport, Half Moon Bay, and Bolinas. Whalemen ate and slept according to their rank. Whale Destroying Whaling Ship Painting. From the time of the really big lumps that once brought fame and glory, there is only what is now called history on Ameland: the 400-year-old dwellings of former captains of whaling ships. While whalebone and ivory were valuable, a whaler's main profits came from the oil derived from whale blubber. And besides, should desertions take place, we imagine there would be very little trouble in obtaining another crew; scarcely more than in any Atlantic port. We refer to the boarding-house runners, whose business it is to board every vessel entering this port, to entice the seamen away; and this is said to be especially the case with whalemen putting in here for repairs, whose crews usually have considerable sums due them, while the dissipations in this city are greater inducements for desertion than at any other point on the Pacific. A Shipwreck, a Robot and an Archival Treasure Hunt Reveal the Diverse History of the Whaling Industry Free Black Americans and Native Americans once worked on the "Industry," a whaling ship. There was a time when the sailors who landed here could scarcely be retained; but that time, to a great extent, has passed by. Marine archaeologists think they've discovered two of the 33. . ParkercPeugh. In 1820 a massive sperm whale rammed a Nantucket whaling ship, sending it to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. This blow will fall with great severity upon New Bedford, Nantucket, Barnstable and other New England cities. Although all 20 crewmen initially survived, only 8 were rescued following an arduous journey that devolved into cannibalism. Description of a Skeleton of the Right Whale. A whaling ship from Mass. Santa Maria Mayflower HMS Victory USS Constitution HMS Beagle Flying Cloud RMS Lusitania RMS Titanic USS Arizona Battleship Bismarck 1 - Santa Maria From the New York Commercial Advertiser, December 24th. Whaling expeditions often lasted three years or longer before returning home. Skeleton of aBalana mysticetus. Facing near death, the men on Pollards boat decided to draw lots to see who would be killed and eaten. Again to the North, and Home At the time of the War of Independence, 360 whalers sailed out of American ports, chiefly from ports in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Long island; in 1846 the number had increased to 735 vessels; in 880 it had declined to about 175 vessels; and now the census report shows only 101 craft engaged in the chase of the whale. They were too late to bid, but Devoy declared I will stay here until a ship is bought. 9.) Between 1884 and 1892, more than 40 whaling ships a year, including the new steam whalers, operated from the bay. The Bowhead, or Great Polar Whale. On the 3rd of February, Devoy wrote to New Haven businessman James Reynolds saying that a whaling ship could be bought, and could cover its expenses by whaling during the rescue voyage. However, First Mate Owen Chasepossibly worried that the men, believing the knockdown was a bad omen, might desertconvinced him to continue. A Northern Whaling Scene Captain Urquhart's little schoonerVenturacompleted her equipment on Wednesday, signed her crew and cleared for the West Coast. The sinking inspired the climactic scene in Herman Melville 's Moby Dick (1851). 94591 ~ He insisted it was necessary to buy the ship, but he would need $15,000. Ships Kingfisher, Capt. The quantity of walrus ivory is 11,365 pounds. Although all 20 crewmen initially survived, only 8 were rescued following an arduous journey that devolved into cannibalism. California Shore-whaling. Right Whale of the Northwestern Coast Although shorthanded, the ship sailed on, stopping at Hood Island, Galapagos, where they fixed a leak on the Essex and caught nearly 200 tortoises. The value of this article has fallen from 60 cents per pound the price in former years to 18 and 20 cents. The following named vessels are reported as having arrived from the California coast : Whale-ships General Scott and Winslow, barques President Kelly and Endeavor. In 1991, a white humpback whale was spotted off the east coast of Australia and given the name Migaloo. The song's roots are in English folk tunes. He was shot on February 6. The American whaling fleet, based on the East Coast, operated hundreds of ships in the South Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. December 3, 2015. We describe the famous ships of the world and list the best ship names, warship names and famous boat names. As Hull, Whitby, Peterhead, and other northern ports expanded their whaling fleets, Liverpool's began a slow decline. At Victoria almost all the sealing fleet are now preparing lor the early work along the coast, which will keep them busy from now until April or May, when they discharge their coast catches and sail for Behring Sea. But the discovery of coal oil has destroyed the value of fish oils and their residuum for illuminating uses, and ambergris is rarely found. At Oahu, the cost of heaving a vessel down and caulking her is about the same as in New England; but the probability is that the reduction in prices, and the superior facilities offered here for disposing of a cargo, either by sale or shipment East, will have the effect in a few years of concentrating the whaling fleet of the Pacific in this harbor. Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises View on Amazon SCORE 9.6 AI Score AI Score is a ranking system developed by our team of experts. Skilled mariners, the Makah carved specific canoes for each task. [1] Whalebone may not be in great demand this season, on account of the heavy catch last year. October 30, 1900,San Francisco Call, San Francisco, California, The whaling barkCharles W. Morgan,arrived from the Okhotsk Sea (image right: c. 1811) yesterday with 1400 barrels of sperm oil, 270 barrels whale oil and 3000 pounds of whalebone. A Whaler's Dictionary Outlines of a Humpback Whale Devoy went ahead and bought it for $5,250 plus fees. In preparation, the Essex stopped at Atacames, Ecuador, in September 1820, and while there one of the crewmen deserted. Suite 237 The author offers an informed account of little known stories of wives of whaling captains who accompanied their husbands on long, arduous journeys to bring whale oil and blubber to New England. Casks are now lower in San Francisco than in New Bedford, though, of course, they would rise with the demand created by the arrival of a whaling fleet for supplies. A whale wounded off Behring Straits was found in Hudson Bay with the iron of the harpoon in him; whereby the existence of a continuous body of water along the north coast of North America was proved. In late October 1820 they reached Charles Island and collected more tortoises before one of the crew members started a fire that soon spread throughout the small island, causing the men to flee. The hunting continued to prove largely disappointing until the ship reached the waters off Peru, where it took more than 10 whales. One of the most famous whaling captains on the West Coast was Charles Melville Scammon, who discovered a major breeding ground for gray whales in 1857 in a Baja California lagoon. For the first time in more than 140 years, humans have laid eyes on doomed ships from the infamous Whaling Disaster of 1871. Life and Characteristics of American Whalemen. Orders have already been given to the whalers in the North Pacific to recruit in California. The Seaman's Hymn by David Coffin. Mocha Dick was probably famous partly because he was easily identified as an individual, unlike the rest of the sperm whales, with their normal black-brown coloration. We have heretofore, called attention to this subject, so important to the future welfare of San Francisco; and we believe it only remains for our citizens to follow the example of some of the oil dealers of this city, o throw a portion of the whaling business into this port. The two vessels were then separated the following day, and the boat carrying Hendricks and two othersnone of whom had navigational equipmentwas never seen again; a whaleboat with three skeletons was later found on Ducie Island, though it was never determined if they were from the Essex. Esquimaux Whaling Canoe and Whaling Implements The Brownded Dolphin of Santa Barbara Channel The famous whaling ship Diana is pictured anchored amidst a hunting scene in the Arctic. Its original regulations, however, were loose, and quotas were high. Whatever its reason, the whale began speeding toward the Essex, ramming the port (left) side. The peak of Australian whaling activity was between 1820 and 1855, with up to 1,300 men working in the industry each year. Other books and later films were also based on the doomed whaleship. These appear to be the principal objections urged against making San Francisco the place of rendezvous for whalers in this portion of the world. Petticoat Whalers: Whaling Wives at Sea, 1820-1920 They should not be left alone to deal out the charities needed by this terrible misfortune. wards developing the wealth and resources of the State than has been effected or all the plans and speeches of politicians since the State was organized. The George is a barque of 400 tons burthen; was condemned and sold at Oahu in the early part of the present year for $1290; was fitted up at a cost approximating to $8,000, and is now in port as good as the day she was bought, after a voyage of five months, with a cargo worth to the captain $25,000; having in that time cleared 100 per cent for her owner. The other whaleboats returned to find that the Essex had capsized. Mary Chipman Lawrence Invariably the only woman aboard a very cramped ship, they endured harsh conditions to provide companionship for their husbands, and sometimes even exerted a strong unofficial moral influence on a rowdy crew. The Sulphurbottom Whale Publishers of the Mining and Scientific Press, Once a whale was spotted, a crew of up to six men, including indentured Wampanoag and Nauset Native Americans, would board 20-foot-long cedar boats in pursuit of their prey. On some ships, the men on board were all neighbors. That day whales were spotted, and three whaleboats were launched. Paul Poiret, a Parisian designer, introduces a "slim, up-and-down" line of women's clothing, undercutting demand for corsets, and thereby baleen. Each man received a "lay," or percentage of the profits, instead of wages, the size depending upon his status. In July, a boat steerer died, leaving room for Tom Brennan, Goffs chosen representative who was set to join the craft later. The Seringapatam suffered damage during the capture, but the loss of no hands, and was repaired and upgraded to 22 cannon at . She is the first of the fleet to get away. The shipwreck formally known as No. Ages: 15 years and up. The vessel commanded by Chase was damaged, however, and was forced to return to the Essex. Even though the island was unknown to them, the desperate men set a course for it, and on December 27 they left Henderson, though three sailors decided to remain behind. Shipwreck Beach LARGE QUARTO, 319) PAGES. We are dedicated to bringing fine art to the experienced collector as well as introducing the fine art of collecting to the novice collector. An examination of ivory includes a wide range of alternative natural and man-made ivory substitutes, including bone, horn, and nuts. The whaling bark Charles W. Morgan came in last night from the Okhotsk Sea with 500 barrels of oil and 5000 pounds of bone for J. and W. R. Wing. Ship Washington, Capt. Construction and whaling MaritimeNations.com Dan Beachy-Quick Despite the dangers of the trade, the Essex became known as a lucky vessel. He had to travel quickly between New York, Boston and New Bedford to be in place for the Catalpas putting to sea. Scammon slaughtered numerous whales with harpoon . On the 29th of April, 1875, he described seeing the ship forty miles out to sea, eating our dinner of hard tack, salt beef and cheese abroad. Captain/Master: Perhaps the term Master was more applicable than captain. MaritimeHeritage.co Breslin didnt like the Clans quasi-Masonic initiation rituals, but Devoy persuaded him to join the organizations Hoboken Chapter. 450 bbls; Euphrates, Kilmer, N.B. In warmer climates, baleen was also used as a roofing material. Yoda Emon, a fisherman, is saved from the sea. MaritimeHeritage.us It was a whale which first demonstrated the northwest passage. They were powered by sails and, even though heavily dependent on winds, helped establish the flourishing whaling industry. Ranks on a Whaleship In fact they are such. Sources: As noted on entries and through research centers including National Archives, San Bruno, California; CDNC: California Digital Newspaper Collection; San Francisco Main Library History Collection; and Maritime Museums and Collections in Australia, China, Denmark, England, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Wales, Norway, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, etc. Whale-boat with Greener's Gun Mounted. They indicate a gradual decay in an industry which was once very important indeed. But the end of that decade saw an industry-debilitating financial crisis and the 1859 discovery of . The 1850s saw the peak of the sperm whale fishery, with some 500 whaling ships. 11. After being maneuvered within feet of the giant mammal, a harpoon connected to a rope was thrown, tethering the small vessel to the whale. Up to July 4 the catch of the whaling vessels out of this port is reported to have been as follows:Charles W. Morgan, 1200 barrels of sperm oil and 3400 pounds of bone;California, 900 barrels of sperm oil;Gayhead, 500 barrels of sperm oil;Alice Knowles,300 barrels of sperm oil and two small right whales;John and VVinthrop, 180 barrels of sperm oil. One of the most famous whaling captains on the West Coast was Charles Melville . They saw the mysterious stone faces of Easter Island, the lush isles of Hawaii, the frightening snowfields of the Antarctic. However, although they found freshwater, there was little food. Smarter than man? Yankee whalers encountered scores of small islands and gave them Yankee names. The rescue from Australia was a success, and when the news reached Dublin, a procession of thousands of people marched, burning effigies of Disraeli and the Duke of Cambridge. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Catalogue of Cetacea of the North Pacific Ocean. The Puget Sound Grampus https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Whaling_ships&oldid=966519695, Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 301600 pages, CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 July 2020, at 15:00. The Adeline, from Tahiti, left ship Ontario, Cathcart, of Nantucket, 600 bbls sperm, 20 months out; ship William and Eliza, Alled, had sailed for New Bedford. U.S.A. In former days the most valuable whale was the sperm whale, which yielded whale oil and sperm for illuminating purposes, and occasionally a lump of ambergris. of bone to the 100 barrels of oil. 3 If a boat drew even with the whale, then it would be harpooned and, following a chase, lanced and brought down. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. be freighted upon clipper ships to New York for less than the whalers themselves can carry it, and then get back upon their whaling ground. Captain Hathaway was excited by the venture, referring to the ship as the Horse in his letters and using racing metaphors. This list may not reflect recent changes. January 10, 1870, Daily Alta California, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Whaling Station at Carmel Bay In 1875 he played a prominent part in arranging for the rescue of six Fenian rebels imprisoned in a British penal colony in Western Australia. Meat from whales killed for research is sold as food.Many species of whale have benefitted from the IWCs moratorium. TheJuanitawas expected to leave on the 13th and theMaggie Macon the 14th. Outline of a Sperm Whale, showing the manner of Cutting-in There is also another difficulty of which it is said shipmasters stand in equal fear. 400 Years of Florida Shipwrecks. Moby Dick, arguably the most famous whale ever, was never real.But the vindictive fictional cetacean was inspired by the tale of a real-life sperm whale, which attacked and sunk the whaling boat Essex in the southern Pacific Ocean on Nov. 20, 1820.. Now, Hollywood is recreating that unusual tragedy. The Bay Porpoise. A diver examines an anchor at the Two Brothers shipwreck site, located on a reef off French Frigate Shoals, hundreds of miles northwest of Honolulu. The black whale fishery shows signs of exhaustion as now prosecuted, but the waters between Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land are declared to be the great black whale fishing grounds of the future, because inexhaustible. In about late May, Pollard decided to head farther from the coast, into a distant area that had recently proved highly profitable for whalers. Nantucket may draw attention for its stunning beaches, elite summer visitors, and historical role as the whaling capital of the world. Aleutian Islanders' Seal Otter Canoe, or Bairdarka, with Hunters engaged in the chase; Aleutian Islanders' Sea Otter; Spear, and Spear Head, full size The Hercules was one of the famous ships of old Salem. Jack Sparrow. Pollards cousin Owen Coffin pulled the shortest straw. Many men got paid in advance, in order to send money home to their families. She did not meet with any accident except the loss of her fore foot, in the mouth of June, by striking against an iceberg. Although it is generally accepted that the modern form of Scrimshaw is an original American art form that dates back over 200 years, Native American Eskimos/Inuit artifacts have been excavated from traditional hunting camp sites dating back 6,000 years. Pages are filled with tips, techniques, and insights that both educate and demonstrate the steps to creating authentic and beautiful scrimshaw. Between 1884 and 1892, more than 40 whaling ships a year, including the new steam whalers, operated from the bay. The difference in the price here and in Boston is thirty per cent, in favor of the latter market. American Offshore Whaling : About Crew Lists Crew lists for whaling voyages recorded at the customs houses in New Bedford, Fall River, and Salem, Massachusetts, and in New London, Connecticut, have been compiled as part of various projects and from various sources over the years. In Etchings Of A Whaling Cruise: With Notes Of A Sojourn On The Island Of Zanzibar, To Which Is Appended A Brief History Of The Whale Fishery (New York, 1846), J. Ross Browne describes the crew's quarters called the forecastle, or, in sailor's parlance, the fo'c'sle: The larger a vessel, the greater distances it could travel. The ship sank around an hour later and killed 30 people. It was a cruel way to make a living and the financial rewards were too few for all except the captain, the officers, and some of the more skilled members of the crew. Upon finding no one there, the Surry headed to Henderson Island, and on April 9, 1821, it rescued the remaining survivors. 650 bbls; Nassau, Murdock, N.B., 1100; bque Harvest, Spencer, Fair Haven, 4 whales; ships Rebecca Simons, Gavitt, N.B. Today, Norway supports hunting minke whales for meat. The Ballina Whalers sang The Diamond in 2012 on their EP Lowlands. Captain Smollett. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. The captain ate the best meals and slept in the stateroom; deck hands slept in bunks in the forecastle, at the front of the ship. The Blackfish They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. One of these will be carried by almost every one of the sealing fleet this year, but not for any aggressive purpose, it is said. Inside the Golden Gate they may find a harbor to suit them, and almost upon their own terms. 11.) On November 20, 1820, the American whaling ship Essex was rammed by a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and sunk.The incident inspired Herman Melville's famous novel Moby Dick.The Essex had left her home port on the island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States, more than a year earlier. Sir Edwin Landseer. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Clifford Ashley The longest whaling voyage is believed to be that of the Ship Nile from 1858 to 1869 eleven years!
Sheffield Village Court Docket,
Phoenix Police Chief Salary,
Noosa Tigers Merchandise,
Cute Japanese Food Names For Pets,
What Does John Gotti Junior Do For A Living,
Articles F
| woolworths metro newcastle parking | |||
| are courtland and cameron sutton related | |||