Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. As most of us know, the tax collector named Levi became Saint Matthew. St. Matthew (Matthew 9:10) modestly says, "in the house," keeping himself as much as possible in the background.St. As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collectors booth. For the debate over whether Mark 2:14 and 3:18 refer to the same individual or to two different individuals named Alphaeus, see Bauckham. So it is more than probable that Matthew or someone else translated Matthews biography of Christ into Greek in order to spread the Good News beyond the Jews. Because Matthews original purpose was to prove to his Jewish brethren that Jesus is their Mashiach/Messiah, he included in his Gospel nine proof texts from the Old Testament which Jesus fulfilledMatthew 1:22,23; 2:15; 2:17,18; 2:23; 4:14-16; 8:17; 12:17-21; 13:35; 27:9,10. Perhaps they did so because Levis call narrative closely resembled the summons of the first four apostles to discipleship in Mark 1:1620 and Alpheus was already remembered as the father of one of the apostles in Mark 3:18. The account of the sinful woman at the well in John 4 is a good example as is the woman caught in adultery in John 8 or even Jesus calling Levi (Matthew) to join His entourage and dining with sinners and tax collectors in Matthew 9. Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 15465; Klijn. I. Indeed, Papias commented on a story about the Lords encounter with a condemned woman that Eusebius located in this Gospel (cf. Alternatively, the textual variant that has James instead of Levi as the son of Alphaeus in Mark 2:14 in a handful of manuscripts was plausibly motivated by a desire for uniformity by having a single son of Alphaeus (cf. And many followed him ( Mark 2:15 ). 3.27.4; 3.39.17; 4.22.8). One theory is that Matthew went by the name Levi, or was simply of the tribe of Levi, and was re-named by Jesus as Matthew upon his call. Change the way you think and act, and believe (trust in, rely on, and adhere to) this Good News. Matthew was a Levite from the priestly tribe of Levi, making his role that of writing on Christ's priesthood. [7] Richard Bauckham, Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony, 2nd ed. As a result, those who reject the academic consensus on Markan priority are often the most open to Papiass claim. Saint Matthew's decision lives on into eternity and benefited not millions . Francis Watson, Gospel Writing: A Canonical Perspective (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 126. Mich. 7.6; Is. Early Christian CommunionWine or Mingled Wine? Many people were surprised when Jesus sat down to eat with Levi, but they learned that Jesus' message of salvation is for everyone. Jesus Calls Levi (Matthew). See Barnabas Lindars, Matthew, Levi, Lebbaeus and the Value of the Western Text, https://brentnongbri.com/2018/05/21/matthew-and-levi-and-james/, Lindars, Western Text,222; cf. Matthew, the Apostle of Yahshua (Popularly known as Jesus Christ) is best known as the publican or tax collector. The fact of one man having two names is of frequent occurrence among the Jews. The fishermen who followed Jesus, and some became His Apostles, had to pay taxes on fishing licenses and perhaps on their daily catch. Acts 7:38; Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1 Pet 4:11;1 Clem. 13:3; Pol. Many think that just as Simon was named Peter (the rock) by the Lord, Levi was likewise renamed Matthew (the gift of God) by Jesus. Matthew was obviously a small mokhes because he himself was sitting in the tax office as Jesus passed through the outskirts of Capernaum. I. [32] Harris J. Rendel, The Logia and the Gospels Contemporary Review 72 (1897): 341348; F. C. Grant, The Gospels: Their Origins and Growth (New York: Harper, 1957), 65, 144. He was included as one of the Evangelists according to the Christian tradition. "John, James, Andrew and Peter were the disciples closest to Jesus," Traylor says. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In the Christian Bible, he was cited as one of the Jesus' apostles. [29] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 262. in Mt. nor any utilization of the first-person voice to present Matthews perspective on the unfolding events (contra Acts 16:1017; 20:515; 21:118; 27:137; 28:116; Gos. Jesus Calls Levi | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org One of the themes of Jesus' ministry is that He is not bound to choose the most obvious candidates for ministry according to social convention. Lettie Moses Carr saw Jesus depicted as Black, she was in her 20s. As a result, those who reject the academic consensus on Markan priority are often the most open to Papiass claim. In the late '60s, he runs a musty SoCal church turned upside-down by an unexpected deluge of flower children seeking peace and love of the Christly variety. 20.5; Vir. [46] Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 15465; Klijn, Jewish Christian Gospel Tradition, 29-30, 3132; Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels, 4351; Frey, Die Fragmente des Nazorerevangeliums, in Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher bersetzung. Several theories have been offered to account for why the toll collector Levi was re-named Matthew in Matthew 9:9 (cf. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Matthew, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Biography of Matthew, Catholic Online - Biography of St. Matthew, Catholic Information Network - St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist. The answer is very simple. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Curiously, Origen answered the philosopher Celsuss criticism that Jesus assembled a motley crew of toll collectors and sailors by stressing that Matthew was the sole toll collector within the apostolic circle and that Levi was not numbered among the twelve apostles except for in select manuscripts of Marks Gospel (Cels. Assuming that the identification of Matthew with Levi is correct, Matthew (probably meaning Yahwehs Gift) would appear to be the Christian name of Levi (called by Mark Levi the son of Alphaeus), who had been employed as a tax collector in the service of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. Mark 10:35) and swapped Salome for her in another (Matt 27:56; cf. [23] They render the verb hermeneuein as meaning to mediate or to interpret rather than to translate.[24] Hence, Krzinger identifies the each one (hekastos) who interpreted according to their ability as the evangelists conveying oral Jesus traditions in a new literary medium;[25] Gundry takes the referent to be the expositors who expounded on Matthews text. News of his preaching and healing ministry was spreading far and wide. Another option is that Papias was referring to a lost source. He called us when all we had was need. This is very possible, as scholars point to Simon (Peter) and Saul. [39] Edwards (Hebrew Gospel, 210) identifies Matthews oracles in h.e. [Matthew 9:9-13, Luke 5:27-32] 13 Jesus went to the seashore again where large crowds came to him, . There is no evidence that any of the Patristic authorities made any inferences about Matthews proficiency in Greek or level of education in rhetorical composition based on Matthews former occupation alone. Q. Matthew, of course. Jesus sees value in all people. People had to pay taxes to the *Romans. DepartmentBldg Tucson, AZ 85721 TEL 520-621-6897 FAX 520-626-9014. Numerous textual indications point to an author who was a Jewish Christian writing for Christians of similar background. Vir. 135). Indeed, Levi is Israel's priestly tribe, as stated in the Bible: "The priests the Levites the priests the Levites the priests the Levites" (Deuteronomy 17:9, 17:18, 18:1). [38] For the latter view, see France, Evangelist and Teacher, 64-66; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 224. The Greek language became the international language through the conquests of Alexander the Great in 330 BCE. Epiphanius and Jerome later confused the traditional account of the authorship of Matthews Gospel with the origins of the Gospel according to the Hebrews. 58 Matthew seems to have written his Gospel primarily to the: Jews Corrections? Jennie Ebeling --Department of Archaeology and Art History, University of Evansville, Copyright 2000-2023 The Bible and Interpretation| All Rights Reserved |The University of Arizona | Developed bySBS Tech There are a number of Patristic and Medieval quotations that purportedly derive from a text that was commonly dubbed as the, James R. Edwards has revived the older position that Matthew was the author of the, Conversely, Papias may not have known the. Volume I: Introduction and Commentary on Matthew IVII, ICC [Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1988], 1.12) acknowledge the difficulties in determining whether a text was a translation in the ancient world and the Patristic tradition about Matthew even persuaded an accomplished textual critic like Origen. 1.9.9). ; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 56869. ; ; ; ; () Brezhoneg; Catal; etina; Dansk; Deutsch; Eesti When Jesus said He would be there, Levi was so excited he invited lots of his friends. Yet our access to Papias is mediated through Eusebius, so it is uncertain whether Eusebius interrupted an interconnected statement about both evangelists or juxtaposed two separate excerpts from Papias together. December 29, 2020 7:00 AM EST. There must have been at least 15-20 people eating in Levis spacious home. Dan. [20] Matthew Black, The Use of Rhetorical Terminology in Papias on Matthew and Mark JSNT 37 (1989): 32; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 222. Ancient and modern scholars have been perplexed by the fact that the name of the toll collector in Matthew 9:9 differs from its synoptic counterparts. Perhaps most plain is the calling of the disciple Matthew, also known as Levi the tax collector. In this post, let us take a deeper . In Mark 2:14, Jesus calls Levi, a tax collector and son of Alphaeus, to follow him, much as Jesus calls other disciples, and at first Levi does follow Jesus. It is beyond the scope of this paper to determine why Matthew was substituted for Levi. 3.1.1). 3.2) that the Gospel according to the Hebrews was associated with Matthew. Vose Seminary 135; Matt. Levi meaning joined and the name Matthew meaning gift of Yahweh.. While He was on the cross, He cried out, "Eloi Eloi Lama Sabachthani," which means "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?". How do we know that Matthew changed after Jesus called him? [33] For lexical discussion and debate about the term logion in Papiass vocabulary (cf. Jesus came with some of His disciples. As a tax collector, Matthew . [9] Lindars, Western Text,222; cf. There were, however, at the time of Christ and the Apostles two languages spoken by JewsAramaic and Greek. [45] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 100101; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 41; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 47, 47n.28. We first meet Levi (aka Matthew) in Capernaum beside the Sea of Galilee: Once again Jesus went out beside the lake. The debate over the authorship of Matthews Gospel usually focuses on the replacement of Levi, the son of Alphaeus, with Matthew (Matt 9:9; contra Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27) and the addition of the descriptor the toll collector after Matthews name (Matt 10:3; contra Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). March 2020. Following Jesus Meant Matthew Lost His Lucrative Tax Collector Career. Matthew was an accurate counter. There is no indication that Matthew wrote anything (contra John 21:24; Moreover, Matthew hardly features more as a character in the narrative than in the other two Synoptic Gospels to be the key source of the Matthean traditions. H. Gundry, 291. [27] The most natural reading is that a language was meant by the combination of the noun dialektos, especially when modified with the name of an ethnic group (cf. It is the contracted name of Mattathias. The Romans were their enemies. The most natural reading is that a language was meant by the combination of the noun. Likewise, Jerome prematurely announced that he had finished his translations of the Old and New Testaments when he just started the task (Vir. Teilband 1, ed. James E. Crouch; Hermeneia (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), 32n.12; Ian Boxall, Matthew through the Centuries (Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2019), 31, 172. All of the harsh and disapproving things He could have or should have said to Matthew would have been justified as far as the culture around them was concerned. Pan. Magi, or "wise men," were royal counselors. 2.9.45.5; Origen, Jo. [38] There are a number of Patristic and Medieval quotations that purportedly derive from a text that was commonly dubbed as the Gospel according to the Hebrews. Additionally, specialists on the Synoptic Problem generally hold that Matthews Gospel reproduced over 90 percent of Marks content, improved Marks grammar and style, and edited out Marks transliterated Aramaic terms. CHICAGO (RNS) The first time the Rev. This is a quite different case from that of an individual having both a Semitic and a Greek or Latin name, as well as from that of an individual having a Semitic name and also a nickname or family name."[7]. 3.39.17. Matthew, of course. Updates? 8:2; 19:13; Isa. Luke 6:12-26. Tax collectors were rich people. [8] See Barnabas Lindars, Matthew, Levi, Lebbaeus and the Value of the Western TextNTS 4 (1957-58): 220-22; Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 3rd ed., (London: New York, 1975), 26, 81; Brent Nongbri, Matthew and Levi (and James), Variant Readings (blog), May 21, 2018, https://brentnongbri.com/2018/05/21/matthew-and-levi-and-james/. Christ redeemed the priesthood of Levi back unto himself and redeemed Matthew the . [30] Warren Carter underscores how Papiass erroneous supposition served to underline the antiquity of this gospel and link it to the apostles.[31], Another option is that Papias was referring to a lost source. See W. F. Albright and C. S. Mann, Matthew, AB (Doubleday: New York, 1971), CLXXVIII. Jesus could have walked up to Matthew and said sarcastically, "I bet your mother is really proud you!" Jesus was considered a rabbi. Omissions? (vv. When Jesus called Levi, Jesus never told him, "Repent, and follow Me." Jesus only said, "Follow Me." Jesus sought out someone like Levi, who was in need of God's mercy and helped him to make a decision to follow Jesus; that is to turn to God. There were 12 men chosen to be disciples of Jesus Christ. Jesus casually says to Levi the tax collector,follow me and Levi got up and followed him. Just like that. Mark 16:1),[11] though this example differs slightly from Matthew 9:9 inasmuch as the woman is left unnamed. [21] Krzinger, Papias, 1214, 2122, 5256; Gundry, Matthew, xxixxii, 61820; idem, Pre-Papian Tradition, 6364, 6768. 5.12), and the verb hermeneuein; Papias could have chosen different terminology to highlight Matthews rhetorical style. Jesus came to give us the same choice he gave . 2) Jesus explains his action in having a meal with tax collectors and sin-ners by saying "Go and learn what it means 'I desire mercy and not sacri-fice'" (Matt 9,13; Hos 6,6). Watchthe video below. Mark 10:35) and swapped Salome for her in another (Matt 27:56; cf. It was to that man, the most despised of the despicable, to whom Jesus said, "Follow Me!"
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