Homeopathy, or homeopathic medicine, is an entire medical system that began in Europe and has been practiced in the United States from the early 19th century. Lots of parents make it a point to buy baby teethers labeled "non-toxic" or "BPA-free," but a new study suggests they might not be 100-percent free of troubling chemicals.. U.S. regulators . We design our products with natural ingredients because we believe mother nature's solutions are preferable in many cases. As the name suggests, our simply clean range is free from; GMOS, Parabens, Artificial Flavoring & Alcohol. Our team is here to answer any questions you may have about our product line or your order. As Janet Woodcock, MD, director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in a 2017 statement about the teething tablets: "The body's response to belladonna in children under 2 years of age is unpredictable and puts them at unnecessary risk.". They also do not contain any OTC medicines such as aspirin or acetaminophen. 78 4.8 out of 5 Stars. The ingredient of concern in 2010 was belladonna. Hyland's Teething Tablets Recall - Serious Safety Risk of Harm to Children The FDA warns parents that Hyland's Homeopathic Teething Products are being recalled because they may pose a risk to children. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to help your child through these growing pains, from gum massages to over-the-counter pain medication. While Ganjian does sometimes recommend certain homeopathic remedies for other . The FDA is looking into reports of adverse events related to the products, including children who may have had seizures after using them. As you hunt around for the best possible remedies, it's quite possible that youve come across teething tablets or teething gelshomeopathic products advertised to soothe teething babies. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If the teether is punctured by a baby's tiny teeth, the gel could be ingested. An administration news release adds that it is not aware of any proven health benefits of the products.. Nuby Citroganix All Natural Toddler Training Toothpaste Tutti Frutti, 1.6 OZ. Nby's Chamomile Soothing Tablets are developed to help calm, relax, and soothe discomfort associated with teething, upset, or restless children. The agency said it has also received reports of children who consumed more tablets than recommended, because the containers lack child-resistant caps. Teething tablets can potentially contain toxic and dangerous ingredients. Fortunately, there are several ways to help your child feel better as their teeth come in. Instructions for Downloading Viewers and Players. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The site is secure. The company denied the request. / CBS News, (CBS) Teething is no fun for little kids, but watch out for homeopathic "teething tablets.". Biden was treated for basal cell carcinoma. Powered by consumers. Passwords are 6-20 characters with at least one number and letter. The AAP does not recommend baby teething gels. This information is for educational purposes only. And children under 2 years old appear to be at particularrisk. Read our, Why Orajel May Be Unsafe for Your Teething Baby. Teething can be managed without prescription or over-the-counter remedies, said Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of the FDAs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Retrieve your username. Making decisions for your babyespecially when you are getting conflicting advicecan be very difficult. Hyland's Teething Tablets, 250 tablets, UPC # 3. Keep your child safe and sound with clinically accurate, touch-free results. With essentialsfor both home and on-the-go, you can ensure your little one is entertained,soothed and settled wherever they are. For some parents, they can be a lifesaver, but others say they are dangerous for babies. The FDA is currently investigating this issue, including testing product samples. A frozen bagel is an alternative. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning consumers that homeopathic teething tablets and gels may pose a risk to infants and children. Hyland's homeopathic teething tablets recalled nationwide by: CNN Wire. There is no point in selling something "natural" if it does not work. Hyland's said consumers can contact the company for a refund or replacement product by visiting its website or calling 877-496-5044. 48526-00519 Nuby. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 2. The agency is warning consumers that homeopathic teething tablets containing belladonna pose an unnecessary risk to infants and children and urges consumers not to use theseproducts. We still dont recognize that sign in. Whether or not to use a product like teething tablets may be a small choice in the grand scheme of things, but when you are in the middle of deciding what to do for your very cranky baby, it can feel as though you are stuck between a rock and a hard place. Tablets Shop All Tablets iPad Android Tablets Walmart Restored Tablets Kobo eReaders Tablet Accessories. Nuby. Instead of teething gels or tablets, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends gently rubbing or massaging the child's gums with your finger, and giving the child a cool (not cold) teething ring or a clean, wet, cool washcloth to chew on. Our baby teethers are designed to make it easier on both of you and soothe your little one's sore gums. Frozen bananas or berries can also help if the child is eating solid foods. The FDA issued a safety alert about the tablets in 2010, and Hyland's issued a recall at that time. Belladonna is commonly known as Deadly Nightshade. The agency also had reports of adverse events related to using the products that were consistent with belladonna toxicity. Our testing found that the belladonna alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine) content and coffea cruda (caffeine) content is not uniform among the manufactured tablets, the FDA explains. Copyright Dr. Talbot's 2023 Dr. Talbot's. Worldwide Distribution -- US (states of NY, IA, WI, IL, FL, NE, OH, MI, TX, NY, RI, and VA), Canada, Haiti, West Indies, Surinam, Antilles, Uruguay, Mexico, Bermuda, Canada, Dominican Republic, Dutch West Indies, Bahamas, North Antilles and Paraguay. She has worked with breastfeeding parents for over a decade, and is a mom to two boys. Note: If you need help accessing information in different file formats, see We also have a program to monitor, investigate and trend all safety reports on any of our products.. An official website of the United States government, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, FDA warns against the use of homeopathic teething tablets and gels, FDAs MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program. Count of - 140 quick-dissolve tablets for 46-70 servings. The firm issued a Press Release on July 17, 2009. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician or other qualified healthcare provider. Discovery Company. Get the latest news, special offers & discounts, plus enjoy 20% off your next order. The documents obtained by STAT News show that from 2006 until the warning in 2016, there were 370 complaints regarding Hyland's Homeopathic teething products, ranging from seizure to death. Serious side effects, including seizures, have been reported. The firm recalled the products after learning that samples of two lots collected by FDA were found to contain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans in the gel. At Dr. Talbot's we strive to use only Natural, Nature Identical, or Naturally Derived ingredients. First published on October 25, 2010 / 3:15 PM. Symptoms of belladonna toxicity include seizures, difficulty breathing, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, muscle weakness, skin flushing, constipation, difficulty urinating, and agitation, according to the FDA. Save thousands off MSRP with upfront dealer pricing information and a transparent car buying experience. Symptoms include a depressed level of consciousness, seizure, difficulty or slowed breathing, lethargy, sleepiness, muscle weakness, skin flushing, constipation, difficulty urinating, or agitation. Our IcyBite assortment can even go in the fridge for extra soothing. US Food and Drug Administration is warning, See the latest news and share your comments with CNN Health on. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that parents massage the childs gums with a clean finger when a baby is in pain. The companys director of scientific affairs, Dr. Iris Bell, writes on the website that the amount of belladonna alkaloids is THOUSANDS OF TIMES below the therapeutic amounts of the ingredient used in some conventional medicines. 140 CT, 0.11 lbs. If your child requires more relief than a topical treatment like a gum massage or teething ring, you can give them a pain reliever like ibuprofen. Browse through the natural ingredients which we use in my products. Within our nursery and newborns department all the way through to our back to school range, you can find all the essentials you need to help them flourish at every phase. Mol Med Rep. 2010;3(6):895-901. doi:10.3892/mmr.2010.377. Nby's Chamomile Soothing Tablets are developed to help calm, relax, and soothe discomfort associated with teething, upset or restless children. To come to this conclusion, the FDA tested homeopathic teething tablets and their ingredients. The FDA now says all homeopathic-branded teething treatments are off-limits, and parents should call their pediatrician immediately if their children experience seizures, trouble breathing, excessive sleepiness and other unusual symptoms after being given those gels or tablets. After lab testing, the FDA said it found inconsistent amounts of the ingredient in the tablets. The FDA also questioned the levels of coffea cruda (caffeine) in certain homeopathic teething tablets. Nuby | Baby and Toddler Products, Designed with Care - Nuby US Cups & Bottles Baby Bottles Bottle to Cup Sippy Cups Water Bottles Accessories & Parts Shop All Sign up / log in Wishlist Delivery Teethers Teethers Mittens & Socks Gel-Filled Rattle Soft Silicone Wood + Silicone Blankies Shop All Featured Avocado Muncher Shop Now Sign up / log in Nuby All Natural Teething Tablets 140 CT. NEW BELLADONNA - FREE BENZOCAINE - FREE Helps Calm, Relax & Soothe Infants that may be Teething, Upset, or Restless. Since that time, the FDA has received over 400 reports of adverse effects linked to the teething tablets. Gel Filled Teethers, various shapes and sizes, marketed under the names: Nuby, Cottontails, and Playskool. Parents should a doctor if a child experiences suspicious symptoms after using the tablets. $9.29. Also on its website, Hylands says that millions of children have been helped by these products since they were introduced to the US market in 1945. It is a plant whose leaves and berries are extremely toxic. Did this discovery by FDA signal any safety issues for infants and children? Teething babies will fuss, scream, cry, and keep you up all hours of the night. Hylands, the company that says it has the best-selling version of the tablets, stands by it, and there is no recall. This product is intended for use by infants for medical purposes to soothe gums during the teething process. UPC codes: 48526-00451 Nuby48526-00452 Nuby48526-00453 Nuby48526-00454 Nuby48526-00455 Nuby48526-00459 Nuby48526-00467 Nuby48526-00472 Nuby48526-00473 Nuby48526-00482 Nuby48526-00483 Nuby48526-00487 Nuby48526-00490 Nuby48526-00519 Nuby48526-00521 Nuby48526-87115 Cottontails48526-91511 Playskool and48526-91660 Cottontails. CarePass TM. The FDA recommends that consumers contact their health care professional if their child experiences symptoms after taking Hylands Teething Tablets. It can start as early as three monthsand can last until your child is two years old. Why did the. We recommend parents and caregivers not give homeopathic teething tablets and gels to children and seek advice from their health care professional for safe alternatives.. The Hyland's Baby Teething Tablets recall was announced by the FDA on April 13, following at least 10 deaths and hundreds of adverse events that are suspected of being linked to these and . There are no teething tablets that have FDA approval at this time. The products are not FDA-approved for safety or efficacy. include naturally derived chamomile. Nuby's all natural teething gel is dentist approved and provides fast acting relief to sore gums due to teething in infants and children four months and older. But teething tablets, for example, are one option you should stay away from. As for your babys teething situation, as completely exhausting and demoralizing it can be to be parenting an unhappy, uncomfortable baby, remember that like everything else about raising babies, it will pass. As the FDA explains in a press release: Benzocainewhich, like viscous lidocaine, is a local anestheticcan be found in such over-the-counter products as Anbesol, Hurricaine, Orajel, Baby Orajel Nighttime, and Orabase. Did you encounter any technical issues? 6.6 / ea. Wendy Wisner is a lactation consultant and writer covering maternal/child health, parenting, general health and wellness, and mental health. Save 30% for a limited time when you shop the Grow-with-Me Bath Toys Bundle! Last September, the FDA issued a news . All Rights Reserved. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Benzocaine-Free, belladonna-free and paraben-free. They are small white pellets made of homeopathic ingredients that can be easily dissolved in your babys mouth or mixed in with their milk or water. It also sets them on the right path of fighting bacteria that develops after a feeding. Each Teething Tablet from Hyland's weighs about 65 mg and contains 0.0000000000003% Belladonna alkaloids. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Dr. Janet Woodcock, director of the FDAs Center Drug Evaluation and Research, urged parents to seek alternatives to teething tablets. If your little one is around six months old, primary teeth are likely starting to come in. There is nothing quite as upsetting and exhausting as parenting a teething baby. Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S. Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Oral Care Center articles are reviewed by an oral health medical professional. Sign up to our emails to get expert health advice and exclusive offers, free giveaways and once-in-a-lifetime deals. Oral Health, Dental Conditions & Treatments. Fast and easy results with just 1 button. newhope360: Standard Homeopathic Co. has stated publicly that it recalled its Hyland's Teething Tablets "in an abundance of caution" after an FDA review found varying levels of belladonna in the product. On October 23, 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned consumers to stop using and discard Hyland's Teething Tablets; and the manufacturer recalled the product. Hyland's stands by the . Hyland's homoeopathic teething tablets are complementary medicines marketed to provide temporary relief of teething symptoms in children. appreciated. One 2010 complaint, in which a baby stopped breathing after her parents gave her three Hyland's teething tablets, led to a large voluntary recall of Hyland's products, but they returned to market . Beyond the potential toxicity of belladonna, how much you ingest is a crucial factor. The colorful key shapes with raised, offset surfaces assist in the eruption of teeth by gently massaging infant's gums. According to the FDA, consumers should seek medical care immediately if their child experiences seizures, difficulty breathing, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, muscle weakness, skin flushing, constipation, difficulty urinating, or agitation after using homeopathic teething tablets or gels.. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. A Louisiana company is recalling gel-filled baby teethers sold under the brand names Nuby, Cottontails and Playschool nationwide because the gel may be contaminated with bacteria, according to. Consumers are urged to stop using the affected product and discard or return to the place of purchase. Made with natural ingredients. The cool resilient surface soothes and stimulates sore gums safely and stays colder, longer than water filled teethers! You want to soothe your poor baby, but you dont know the best way to do so. Do not use - more than directed - for more than 7 days unless . 59. From nesting to feeding,teething, drinking and playing, Nuby have got you covered. Some babies seem to fare OK with teething, but many do not and that can be really frustrating for parents. The FDA notes that the dangers associated with benzocaine are particularly concerning for children under two. They typically contain ingredients such as Chamomilla, which helps with irritability, and Coffea Cruda, which helps curb sleeplessness. But we understand that it's a priority to help them find relief! Soon enough the long days and sleepless nights will be a distant memory. We believe in harnessing natural ingredients so infants and parents can turn to mother nature's solutions instead of synthetic drugs. Pain relievers intended to be rubbed on a babys gums arent very helpful; a teething baby drools so much that the medication is quickly washed away, the AAPexplains. Dec. 18, 2017: The FDA proposed a new, risk-based enforcement approach to drug products, An official website of the United States government, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Hyland's Homeopathic Teething Tablets: Questions and Answers. Here at Nuby, were home to everything you need for a happy and healthy child. So, in terms of weight, each individual Hyland's Teething Tablet contains 0.0000000000195 milligrams of Belladonna alkaloids. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. It's sold in the form of medicated creams, gels, liquids, strips, and mouth rinses. Common teething medication, Hyland's Baby Teething Tablets, manufactured by Hyland's Inc., has been linked to belladonna toxicity. Homeopathic teething tablets and gels have not been evaluated or approved by the FDA for safety or efficacy. Nuby teether recall! We dont recognize that sign in. Ask the Colgate Chatbot! These tablets, also known as dentonic teething pills, are a homeopathic treatment. nuby teething tablets recall. I tried to tag everyone that I know who have babies, grand babies or a family . Besides homeopathic teething tabletsand products containing belladonna specificallythe FDA has warned against products containing benzocaine for soothing teething babies. "The body's response to belladonna in children under two years . Luv N' Care recalled the teethers after learning that samples of two lots collected by the FDA were found to contain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans, respectively in the gel. Published This stage of tooth eruption and teething makes many, but not all, babies irritable. Since the supplement industry isn't regulated, there's no way to verify the exact ingredients and portions of ingredients in teething tablets. The various other textures will provide soothing comfort and help stimulate the eruption of new teeth. If a baby eats beyond the recommended dose, it can lead to symptoms such as extreme lethargy, seizures, and excessive sleepiness. current price $7.29. The ring targets front, middle and back teeth. avent pacifiers, mam pacifiers, nuby teething gel, . In honor of legendary pediatrician Dr. Ralph Jefferson Talbot, who developed America's most trusted diaper rash ointment formula in 1933, Dr. Talbot's is committed to continuing the tradition of caring for loved ones. Recall Date: April 14, 2021 Units: About 61,000 (In addition, about 210 were sold in Canada) Consumer Contact Battat toll-free at 844-963-2479 from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. 2010 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. At Dr. Talbot's, we believe in offering the safest, most natural, and effective solutions possible for the whole family. Includes the Nuby silicone massaging toothbrush with unique textured design to gently soothe baby's delicate gums. For more information, call 800-256-2399. Beyond irritability, signs your baby is teething include more drooling than usual, tender gums, and a desire to chew on hard objects. We are focused on providing effective solutions. Girls Kid's Face Mask (Ages 2-5) - 10 pack, Kid's Face Mask (6 - 12 years) - Camouflage, Skateboards, & Paint Splatter - 10 pack, Kid's Face Mask (6 - 12 years)- Rainbows, Hearts, & Flowers - 10 pack, Cloth Face Mask - Age 13+ - 1 pack - Pineapples. Common homeopathic ingredients found in teething tablets may include: Some homeopathic companies also manufacture teething gels, which contain similar ingredients, such as chamomile, but which are applied directly to the babys gums. Babies are a little safer today as Hyland's homeopathic teething tablets have finally been recalled by their manufacturer, Standard Homeopathic Company (1). FDA warns against the use of homeopathic teething tablets and gels. Chicco Boppy Nursing Pillow for Infants 0+ Months, Nursing Pillow and Baby Nest for Breastfeeding and Bottle Feeding - Modern Woodland 44.99 Low stock, selling fast This dental device was sold to fix patients' jaws. Hyland's Teething Tablets, 50 tablets, UPC # 3 54973 75044, 5. The FDA also was concerned because the bottles didnt have child-resistant caps. Add. Some parents love that their ingredients are considered homeopathic. The Teethe-eez Teether from Nuby will help relieve your teething little one's tender gums. All rights reserved. Nuby All Natural Teething Tablets 140 CT. Nuby. Hylands did issue a recall at that time. Consumers should seek medical care immediately if their child experiences seizures, difficulty breathing, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, muscle weakness, skin flushing, constipation, difficulty urinating, or agitation after using homeopathic teething tablets or gels. Out of Stock. At least 10 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, The Saturday Six: Dental device controversy, scientist's bug find and more, Indonesia fuel depot fire kills 18; more than a dozen missing, 3 children killed, 2 others wounded at Texas home, Biden had cancerous skin lesion removed last month, doctor says, Duo of 81-year-old women plan to see the world in 80 days, Bus with 40 children crashes in French Alps, Tom Sizemore, actor known for "Saving Private Ryan" and "Heat," dies at 61, Alex Murdaugh trial: What to know about the double murder case, 9 Secrets to Keep Kids Safe on the School Bus, Difficult economy and loneliness forces some retirees to move in with family. Hyland's Teething Tablets, 250 tablets, UPC # 3 54973 75042, 3. Updated January 9, 2020. Shop the simple, portable booster seat that parents are calling the "perfect solution" for mealtime. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease. Updated: Apr 14, 2017 / 06:52 PM PDT. Doing this twice a day will help your child get used to having dental products in their mouth. Get Ratings on the go and compare while you shop, Consumer Reports News: July 20, 2009 03:26 PM, Privacy note: We won't use your friend's e-mail for anything other than sending this message. $8.29. Lawsuits claim it wrecked their teeth. . There are plenty of safe options to do so. Moreover, the FDA has warned of some concerning side effects in infants who have ingested teething tablets. The company has stopped making the teethers and has notified its distributors. Use your finger tip or cotton applicator to gently apply a small pea-size amount of Nuby Teething Gel to the affected area up to 4 times . by | Oct 29, 2021 | ccdc google earth engine | antecedent phrase of ako mananggete | Oct 29, 2021 | ccdc google earth engine | antecedent phrase of ako mananggete Confused about what you should do to help your teething child? Many homeopathic teething tablets also use belladonna, which has been recalled as well. When you notice your baby is feeling uncomfortable, it's only normal to want to give them some relief! After lab testing, the FDA said it found inconsistent amounts of belladonna in the tablets.. 41520-87115 Cottontails. These statement have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Other options include a clean, wet washcloth that is chilled in the freezer for about 15 to 30 minutes. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Teething can be managed without prescription or over-the-counter remedies, Dr. Woodcock explained in the 2016 press release. The FDA has also received reports of children who consumed more tablets than recommended, because the containers did not have child resistant caps. Delivery options. What is it? According to the April 14 th recall notice, the company has received 14 reports of the teethers' wings detaching or pieces of the wing breaking off. We believe in harnessing natural ingredients so infants and parents can turn to mother nature's solutions instead of synthetic drugs. The substance in question is belladonna, which can cause "serious harm" at high doses, according to the agency, which said it has received reports that some children taking the product experienced symptoms that are consistent with belladonna toxicity. Hyland's Baby Teething Tablets were discontinued in 2016, and later recalled in 2017 at the request of the FDA, which had concerns about a labeling issue and belladonna. We want to offer the safest products for infants and parents. UPC codes: 48526-00451 Nuby 48526-00452 Nuby 48526-00453 Nuby 48526 . Gel Filled Teethers, various shapes and sizes, marketed under the names: Nuby, Cottontails, and Playskool. They were packaged in a plastic bubble on a printed card. Such as simple tips like giving your baby a cold washcloth or lightly chilled teething ring to chew on, which helps soothe tender gums, or gently massaging your baby's gums with your clean fingers can also help relieve any discomfort they feel. 1:45 PM EDT, Wed October 5, 2016. Homeopathic teething tablets and gels have not been evaluated or approved by the FDA for safety or efficacy. Updated December 20, 2018. Instead of teething gels or tablets, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends gently rubbing or massaging the childs gums with your finger, and giving the child a cool (not cold) teething ring or a clean, wet, cool washcloth to chewon. With this exciting milestone could come some fussiness from your baby, as teeth eruption can be a bit uncomfortable. For the temporary relief of sore gums due to teething in infants and children 4 months of age and older. Wendy Wisner is a lactation consultant and writer covering maternal/child health, parenting, general health and wellness, and mental health. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. The agencyannouncedon January 27, 2017 that its laboratory analysis found inconsistent amounts of belladonna in certain homeopathic teething tablets, sometimes far exceeding the amount claimed on the label.The agency is currently investigating this issue, including testing product samples, and will continue to communicate with the public as more information is available. Nuby is voluntarily recalling the Incredible Gulp Cup due to a small number of defects on the spout and straw assembly, which in some instances means that the spout could detach when pulled with. Have questions about your smile? In addition, officials said, the agency has . Nuby Gumeez Teether 2-Pack, Colors May Vary. On its website, Hylands says, We are fully cooperating with FDAs inquiry and were providing them with all the data we have. $8.30. Teething tablets have been around since the early 1900s and are now manufactured by various companies and sold online and in some drug stores. . We recommend parents and caregivers not give homeopathic teething tablets and gels to children and seek advice from their health care professional for safe alternatives.. nuby teething tablets recall. This fun teether is easy for baby to hold and the soft fabric crinkles with baby's touch to amuse and entertain. Press Release about this recall is located on the website address: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm172689.htm. Parents may have fewer options to soothe their teething child. FDA has previously recommended that parents and caregivers not usebenzocaine productsfor children younger than 2 years, except under the advice and supervision of a health care professional. Oct. 18, 2016. The FDA recommends that consumers stop using these products and dispose of any in their possession. Use. On September 30, 2016 the FDA issued another advisory warning consumers to stop using and to discard or return the Hylands Teething Tablet product; and the agencys investigation of the product and the firms manufacturing operations is ongoing.
Why Do Walruses Have Red Eyes,
Sims 4 Black Hair Cc Maxis Match,
Bruteforce Movable Friend Code,
Articles N
how did suleika jaouad meet jon batiste | |||
which of these best describes the compromise of 1877? | |||