Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. Adire Adire means 'tie and dye' in Yoruba. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. Each ukara is highly individualized and clearly produced to be worn by a specific Ekpe member or to mark a specific Ekpe lodge. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). It was technically part of Nigeria, according to history, which was the reason we had the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death). Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The version of Sunjata we have read is not the only version because: No version was ever written down by a skilled jeli, since Mande traditional society considers any story written down to be "dead". I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. . The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). [5] The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. Several types of English dresses were introduced to Efik women such as the Victorian dresses known in Efik as nyny. [70] Several meals were composed of yam such as Usu abia, Iwk abia, Afia abia, sb abia, Edifrai abia and fp abia. . [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. clothing stores in columbia mall The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. What's significant about the black fraternities and sororities in America is that they also trace part of their lineage to the Ekpe society of southeastern Nigeria. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. According to him . [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. [32] Aye argues that the Efik could not have taken the royal emblem of the Uruan people as they would have already had their own royal emblem. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. There are two distinct but related societies. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. the exhibition explores the long- [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). Updates? The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [74][75] Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon.
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