. You already know the rich historical terrain of FPOC in Louisiana, what terrific grounds for family research. Ive taken back reclaimed some of that lost memory, especially that of my enslaved ancestors. 17. Theres always more to learn! But the Slaves generally had two namesthe one given by the slave owner (e.g. The surname Williams occurs roughly 550 times per 100,000 people in the U.S. You can find explanations for each of the table columns below, or use the following links to view more last names for different ancestries. Other common surnames included Jones, Matthews, Sinclair, and Bennett, Price, and Gray.. Alfred Francis Russell (1817-1884), 10th President of Liberia. African Americans tended to use surnames associated with their own families instead of the last slave owner. - Jane Howard, "Friends are God's apologies for relations." Hi Pat, Slavery's reach is still with us, and part of the gift of doing African-American genealogy is recovering the stories of those caught in its grasp who could not in their own time leave their own witness.". Some last names recognize certain histories or describe important events or narratives that mean a lot to the family. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. A. Lottie Smith was my name and what they called me before I met Phillip and was married to him. Students explore the legacies of the Reconstruction era today, reflect on the idea of democracy as a continuous process, and consider how they can best participate in the ongoing work of strengthening our democracy. 6. Many took the surname of famous or celebrated people; such as 'Lincoln', 'Grant', and 'Washington' was very popular. This old French surname has Germanic origin, and means 'noble'. Slave Names Below are some best cute and catchy slave names: Infirm Mite Lunn Amanda Walter Garner Hannah Delia Bastard Inferior Weevil George O'Hanlon Jordan John Owen Rachel Fetid Spider Betty Nathan York John Wright Wicked Whelp Thornton Dick Field Robert Dick William Hunter William Sam Kiner Augustus Dick a/k/a Richard Ferguson Foul Beast I found in the Civil War registry, an enslaved man who enrolled in the infantry under the name of Wash Ellis. Here, our list of notable early African American names. I am an engineer by day, but my true passion lies in genealogy. Join my mailing list below to learn about upcoming webinars. Q. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. I would still recommend all of these books, except the first one listed for obvious reasons. This mini-lesson helps students define the term, learn what forms reparations can take, and consider what reparations should be offered for slavery and other racist policies. A. I was first called by that name in the family of Col. Morrow in whose service I was in Louisville, Ky., just after the war. Im jealous;) The common names there (Marie, Louise, etc) would test anyones genealogical skills, so I take my hat off to you. They called me OCK. It was after emancipation on that I went back to work for Col. Morrow and where I got the name "Lottie," as already explained. Lori Wilson Picks Up Baton to Remove Slavery Language From Californias Constitution, New Assembly Bill Would Ban Use of Police Canines for Arrests, Crowd Control, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It had always been passed down in the family that Thomas has been owned by the Blacks. Now, that parent's surname could very well be the surname of the most recent slaveholder or an earlier slaveholder. The result was the birth of mulatto, quadroon, or mustee (mestee) children. After emancipation, he became William Smith. Phillis Wheatley (May 8, 1753 - December 5, 1784) Source = Wikimedia. Robyn. According to the latest search data available, Italian last names and their meanings are searched for nearly, 40,500 times per month. This was the case with several others from Wessyngton. Many of the former slaves and some free people of color took the first name of their father, mother and sometimes former slaveowner as their last. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It means 'clerk' or 'secretary'. Index to "Descriptive Recruitment Lists of Volunteers for the United States Colored Troops for the State of Missouri, 1863-1865" (NARA Microfilm Publication M1894 - 6 rolls) For more information about the records covered in this index, please contact the History and Genealogy Department. A favorite of British novelists including Evelyn Waugh and P. G. Wodehouse, Ambrose has an air of blooming well-being and upper-class erudition. Thanks for adding your very experienced voice to the conversation. This phenomena makes research very complicated when you dont know the mothers surname. I have been a researcher, writer, lecturer and teacher for over twenty years. Along with Abraham and Prince, other early African American names currently in the US Top 1000 include Alonzo, Athena, Daphne, Elijah, Isaiah, Israel, King, Phoebe, and Titus. For example, I know of one Louisiana family whose surname of Poulard evolved from a ancestor of the Poular nation(aka Fulani). The different spellings are due to the non-consistent spelling rules in Norway in the 1700s and 1800s. College, Advanced AA Gen Class, September 2011, AAHGS Annual Genealogy Conference, November 2008, Howard Comm. All of them are alive in this moment. Wood were recorded as slave. In the 1760s Anglo-American frontiersmen, determined to settle the land, planted slavery firmly within the borders of what would become Tennessee. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Distinctively Black names were thought to have risen from the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, which promoted the use of names with connections to Africa. And please do share posts that interest you. Geographic names were common, as were the names of ships or distant ports for enslaved peopleborn in places such as Wilmington or New Bern. However, the common practice by slaveholders was to only use the given names of enslaved people in documents such as estate papers, court and deed records. In order to receive their pensions decades later, these former soldiers and their family members had to demonstrate to the government that they were who they claimed to be. Kindest regards, This lifelong quest has helped me to better know my familys past. Students examine the factors that led many northerners to turn against federal policies passed during the Reconstruction era that protected freedpeople. For example, Roll, Jordan,Roll has an entire chapter called The Naming of Cats, discussing slave names and The Slave Community has a very good chapter called The Slave Family. Two other books I like are Been In The Storm So Long by Leon Litwick (pgs 247-248)and Joining PLaces: Slave Neighborhoods in the Old South by Anthony Kaye. Q. Available from https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.174.8?destination=/explore/collection/search%3Fedan_q%3Denslaved%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Dobject_type%253A%2522Photographs%2522 (accessed May 6, 2022). A 2nd great grandmother for example was baptised Sarah Charlotte Chase; her mother is recorded as being Ann Lewis Chase. As a result, many slaves used the surnames of their owners wifes family. Ref. "More than half of the surnames are derived from the Christian or fore-name of the father," [1] and based on a total of 3,253,800 people, nearly 18 in every 100 persons was known by one of these fifty surnames. This reading contains quoted text not authored by Facing History & Ourselves. Emphasizes the giving and repeated use of names as a performative act of domination. 2023 The Voice of the Black Community in California. The, For descendants, I would add the substantial emotional impact of seeing an ancestor's name attached to a dollar value, or being valued in a list with silverware and cattle. The name of the tragic mythological Trojan princess who was given the gift of prophecy by Apollo, but was condemned never to be believed, Cassandra has been used for striking characters in movies and soap operas. Runaway ads illustrate how many slaveholders knew the surnames of their slaves. Slaves are identified by given name under their masters. 26 September 2021 [PAST EVENT]: Acclaimed genealogist Melvin Collier and I will be presenting an all-new 2-hour lecture titled More Than Just Names: Incorporating Social and Community History Into Your Research from 1:00-3:30 EST (please note it is Eastern Standard Time). common last names in the 1800s Patronymic surnames such as Jansen/Janssen, Hansen, and Petersen are the most common names in the far north (Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein). Q. Well, Ive gone off on a tangent again;) But thank you again for writing and thank you for the cemetery work (especially trying to include African-Americans you are doing that will be of benefit to others. I am the applicant for pension on account of having served in Co. B. In 1870, all of them were listed with the surnames of their last owner; however, each one of them named their sons for one of their brothers. Newly emancipated slaves also frequently chose new first names, discarding those associated with slavery. This unique-sounding French last name means 'bold' or 'daring'. At your request I have finally made available for viewing past popular webinars! Even tiny steps are huge in someones life. Finding State Laws About Slaves and Free Blacks, More Suggestions for White Slaveholder Descendants, http://justthinking130.blogspot.com/2009/09/calvin-r-yarborough-where-it-all-began.html, http://justthinking130.blogspot.com/2013/11/many-rivers-to-cross-my-priscilla.html, https://www.historicpathways.com/articles.html, http://whitneyplantation.com/the-louisiana-slave-database.html. Former slaves often made up surnames based on their occupations. I truly believe they used surnames of each of their former owners for some of their childrens middle names. Join my mailing list below to receive my posts and get a free PDF with some of my favorite tips! Best of luck to you, Label vector designed by Ibrandify - Freepik.com, https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.174.8?destination=/explore/collection/search%3Fedan_q%3Denslaved%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Dobject_type%253A%2522Photographs%2522. Is this the work of the evil spirits or from my bad karma? Is this my fate!To worsen matters, a given new European label applied only to one aspect of the nature (whereas his/her original name referred to a total identity) of the enslaved and this was an effective way to try to fragment a victims mindset. ", "Call it a clan, call it a network, all it a tribe, call it a family. -Hugh Kingsmill, "No matter what you've done for yourself or for humanity, if you can't look back on having given love and attention to your own family, what have you really accomplished?" My great great grandfather in Mississippi took the surname of the previous SC enslaver, whose widow sold him away. There was often a fluidity to the surnames that enslaved people had. Injurious Names: Naming, Disavowal, and Recuperation in Contexts of Slavery and Emancipation. In The Anthropology of Names and Naming. Email:genealogy@slcl.org 1412 S. Spoede Rd., St. Louis, MO 63131-2557. please contact the History and Genealogy Department. And even though slave marriages were not legal, many enslaved people followed the practice of the wife taking her husbands surname: My mother was named Mary Bradley and my father was named Hilliard Bradley. The link was not copied. Olympic speed skater Apolo Anton Ohno might inspire some parents. Best of luck to you in your research, They did so either to take on a surname for the first time, or to replace a name or surname given to them by a former master. He was a slave owner and, in 1800 as Chief Justice of New Brunswick, he supported slavery in defiance of British practice at the time. Dick Lewis Barnett and Phillip Fry were African American veterans of the Union Army during the Civil War. Cheryll Cody, "'There Was No Absalom on the Ball Plantation': Slave-Naming Practices in the South Carolina Low Country, 1720-1865," American Historical Review 92 (June 1987). Another common way of distinguishing people would be 'son of', for example Johnson (son of John), Richardson, Wilson, Harrison etc. In small communities when slaves were sold, they were often bought by someone in the area. Three formerly enslaved people discuss their names and the changes they underwent after Emancipation. How lucky you were to find that Freedmans Bank document! One thing for sure, historians are always expanding our knowledge on this topic.BTW, I am a big fan of your website and your work in the field! 6. "The past is not dead. So just a few things to be aware of when researching any African-American ancestors. It is these single names that have been most often studied. Phone: 314-994-3300, Hours & Locations Comments/Suggestions314-994-3300, Copyright 2023. I made up my mind I'd find me a different one. Feel free to contact me directly if you have more questions or need some assistance. One of my grandfathers in Africa was called Jeaceo, and so I decided to be Jackson. Are you thinking this woman Eliza Ellis was married to Wash Ellis? Melvin, 1. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Middle Tennessee, where tobacco, cattle, and grain became the favored crops, held the . For personal use and not for further distribution. Thank you. My maiden surname is Williams. 2. Analyzing Creole names, especially those of African origin, demands a combination of historical and linguistic expertise that has not yet been systematically applied to slave names. Of the 972 names of male Slaves recorded between 1619 and 1799 the leading ones were Jack, Tom, Harry, Sam, Will, Caesar, Dick, John, Robin, Frank, Charles, Joe and Prince. Farley, (English Origin) Victorian-era last names meaning "fern woodland". 77th U.S. Col Inf and Co. D. U.S. Col H Art under the name Lewis Smith which was the name I wore before the days of slavery were over. Smithsonian Institution. Davis: This name is a patronymic of David. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries African-American slaves retained Africanisms in their naming practices. For him, this meant claiming his new identity as a freedman and a citizen. I focused on surnames but many of these books also discuss first names. I did a post sometime ago about Slavery Studies, where I named some of the top books on the subject. The Washingtons of Wessyngton Plantation: Stories of My Familys Journey to Freedom is proudly powered by WordPress Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS). The 2000 U.S. Census counted 163,036 people with the surname Washington. Dorothy, Doris or Dora: Meaning 'gift of God', this Victorian girl's name was popular in the 19th century. Such resistance signified continual deep-rooted discontent with the condition of bondage and, in some places, such as the United States, resulted in ever-more-stringent mechanisms for social control and repression in slaveholding areas. In 1801, the British government took the first census for Great Britain and Ireland. There are so many examples of every kind of scenario, and I think it just speaks to the variety of experiences our ancestors had. But, my mtdna also said I share ancestry with the Kru people of Liberia and the Mende from Sierra Leonne! Another slave named Bill who attended the sheep became Bill Shepherd. 1. I was called by that name all the time I was with the Morrows. Thank you for posing your question. Examples include: Francois, Jean, Pierre, and Leon for men; and Manon, Delphine, Marie Louise, Celeste, and Eugenie for women. Peneus saved Daphne from Apollos romantic obsessions by transforming her into a laurel tree. See flier here. -Unknown, "If you can't get rid of the skeleton in your closet, you might as well make it dance!" Through Reclaiming Kin, I share tips on genealogy skillbuilding for all genealogists, and on researching slavery and the enslaved. A great and timely article. St. Louis County Library. This lively Old Testament nature name (belonging to one of the three beautiful daughters of Job) may be missing from the current US Top 1000 list, but it ranks highly here on Nameberry making it one to watch! Toussaint Louverture (1743-1803), a former slave, he enslaved a dozen people himself before becoming a general and a leader of the Haitian Revolution. Besides the Morrows, whom else did you live with in Louisville? A. But I tell you, trying to document that all those names refer to the same person is hard, hard work! Both are excellent researchers and historians. -Thich Nhat Hanh, evolve theme by Theme4PressPowered by WordPress, Maryland Genealogical Society Holiday Luncheon, December 2017-2, Washington FHC Annual Conference, May 2011, Baltimore Family History Conference, October 2017-2, International Black Genealogy Summit, September 2016-2, Carroll County Genealogical Society Dinner, June 2018, Baltimore Family History Conference, October 2017, Reginald Lewis Museum, September 2011-2.jpg, Maryland State Archives Family History Festival, October 2014-2, Central Maryland AAHGS Meeting, March 2013, Robyn, Vonda, Andrea and Glenn, NGS Conf., May 2014, Maryland Genealogical Society Holiday Luncheon, December 2017-1, Howard Comm. In 1800, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman were able to escape their terrible life of enslavement and were able to help other slaves trapped in a world of forced labour and grant them freedom once again due to the Underground Railroads that helped him, his partner Anna Murray Douglas and many other fugitives sneak away from the horrible Several names have been added under the letter representing the person's last name. . Location the owner of ones ancestor is crucial for an African American genealogist to trace his family before 1870. Burton, Richard D.E. Names and Naming in Afro-Caribbean Culture. New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73 (1999): 3558. My Louisiana Creole ancestors who were free persons of color and former slaves practiced a unique naming tradition I think comes from Latin cultures. Questions about slave naming intersect with some of the major debates in slavery studies (especially regarding Creolization and the formation of Atlantic Creoles) and can illuminate issues about the ethnicity of African slaves, the personhood and agency of those enslaved, the nature of kinship structures among the enslaved, and the survival of African cultural practices in the diaspora. But the meanings of names certainly evolved over time, and some have argued that the principles according to which an individual name was given (e.g., after a relative or ancestor) are at least as important as its apparent meaning and type. Clark is a common surname of Anglo-Scottish origin. My full name is Dick Lewis Barnett. Wheatley was traded into slavery at the age of 7 or 8 and imported to North America. Harriet Tubman and some of the slaves she helped free. I love to hear from my readers. Ninety percent of them were African-American, a far higher black percentage than for any other common name. I find it interesting that they often used the strange phrase he calls himself in the ads, as if having a given name and a surname was silly: Ran away from the subscriber on the 25th of October, a well set dark mulattoe man named Jem, but calls himself James Ferguson.. . The most common of 603 names of female Slaves were Bet, Mary, Jane, Hanna, Betty, Sarah, Phillis, Nan, Peg, and Sary. Q. I mean, really retro. This article is from the Encyclopedia of North Carolina edited by William S. Powell. I dont know what became of his parents. They called me "OCK". Dear Robyn, Women tended to have two names, and slaves often just had one. The Washingtons of Wessyngton Plantation: Stories of My Familys Journey to Freedom, A Thank You Letter from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, Plantation Records Key Link to African American Past . The Voice of the Black Community in California, Last Updated on October 14, 2010 by Paulette Brown-Hinds. You can find many more examples of the above in my post, The Mind of the Slaveowner. Hi Rodney, It starts with a young man falling in love with a girl. This is such a well-written and informative post one that I know will open many eyes to the complexity of slave surnames, as well as many other aspects of the lives of the enslaved. Hi Donna, The majority of these slaves used the surname Lewis instead of Washington. (Media Note: If you quote a post, please credit me by name, Robyn N. In instances where slaves were sold from their families and they did not retain their previous owners surnames, they named their children for parents, sisters and brothers to keep a connection with their families. Like most of the architecture and towns in Italy, they can also tell a story. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on Names from the Bible were another common practice, for given and surnames. Bernard Meaning: brave warrior Origin: French 4. My mothers name was Octavia Smith and it was from her that I got it but where the name came from to her I never knew. A Wessyngton slave named Bill who was the plantations blacksmith was known as Billy the Smith during slavery. Im very familiar with the work of Gwendolyn Hall and Elizabeth Shown Mills. Special slave censuses were kept in the early 1800s. Ebba: One of the more unique girl names from the 1800s. Proving their identity as former soldiers often revealed some of the most detailed explanations for former slaves choice of surnames. My fathers name was Gilbert Jackson, and after I was set free I took the name of my father, and have been known by the name Smith Jackson. A. 782 Lists of Slave owners with names of slaves Tamme, 766 Tom, 766 West, 766 Will, 766 Barker, Nathaniel Harry, 591, 700, 746, 767 Barkley, Barbary Grace, 651 Each is present in your body. Ethereal and delicate, Cassandra was in the Top 70 throughout the 1990s but is now descending in popularity. Bradley was the last man owned em. They cut it off from OCTAVIA. Elaine Fantham, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah B. Pomeroy, H. A. Shapiro. In my own family history, on my Yarborough side, I believe I have uncovered a pattern that my formerly-enslaved great-grandparents, Calvin and Precilla YARBOROUGH may have used in naming their children. If the name is spelled Rodrigues, the name is Portuguese but has the same meaning) 3. When Wessyngtons owner George A. Washington married Margaret Lewis in 1849 her father gave the couple twenty-nine slaves. Some of them developed a long-term relationship with one of the female slaves. But there was also the detective Nero Wolfe, hero of many mystery stories. At her death when Thomas was ten, he was sold to Solomon Cobbs who lived nearby. By examining periods of violence during the Reconstruction era, students learn about the potential backlash to political and social change.
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