Come to think of it, the similarities between Dr. Vanden Bossche and Andrew Wakefield strike me as stronger than ever now, given that, as well documented by Brian Deer, Wakefield basically published his fraudulent science to support the claim that the MMR vaccine causes autism in order to make a market for his own single vaccine against the measles. You can read the links if you want to know more, but the short version is that the acellular pertussis vaccine works but its immunity wanes (as it does after natural infection); this can be corrected with additional booster shots. Vanden Bossche presented his ideas to the public in a series of open letters or powerpoint presentations on his personal website. There is always concern that a virus or bacteria can mutate to a form such that the antibodies produced by a vaccine against it no longer bind to it, so that the vaccine-induced immune response no longer kills or neutralizes the pathogen. View geert vanden bossche's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. p.528-531. Men draagt een verantwoordelijkheid. Daarna werd hij hoofd van het Vaccine Development Office van het Duitse Centrum voor Infectieonderzoek. [Editors note: Scott Gavura had circumstances pop up that prevented him from producing a post for today. 455 () [US] 2021/06/16() 09:32:54. Exploring issues and controversies in the relationship between science and medicine. As a result, I thought it worth providing this rebuttal and links to an even better rebuttal, to SBM readers in order to disseminate this information more widely. He even entitled his nonsensical screed The Sixth Extinction: Vaccine Immunity and Measles Mutants in a Virgin Soil. Knack wou mijn reactie niet publiceren, het was nochtans een eer-rovend vuilbakartikel van Rien Emmery. Immunocompromised individuals with persistent COVID-19 infections, in particular, may play a huge role in the development of variants. Als de dosis die je van antibiotica neemt, niet hoog genoeg is, of als je ze niet lang genoeg neemt, zullen bacterin die er resistent tegen zijn zich verder verspreiden. Waar is de vrouwelijke kant van de oorlog? We hebben Geert Vanden Bossche gevraagd om te reageren, maar hij verkoos dat niet te doen. Vanden Bossche's scientific argument in broad terms is that the current COVID-19 vaccines, through a mechanism analogous to antibiotic resistance, will create mutant variants of the virus that escape the protection of those vaccines. His argument sounds a lot like an argument Andrew Wakefield once made for MMR. Zo lijkt uit deze reactie dat Vanden Bossche een interview had met VRT terwijl die vermeld hadden dat ze Vanden Bossche hadden gecontacteerd maar dat hij niet wenste reageren. In any case, I got a particularly strong brave maverick vibe from this passage: While there is no time to spare, I have not received any feedback thus far. Hij werkte in zijn carrire ook aan vaccins, maar publiceerde daar zeer weinig over en bleef nooit lang aan het werk in de sector. Ik ben onafhankelijk en neutraal, heb geen aandelen bij vaccin fabrikanten en ben niet gebonden aan contracten die bepalen wat ik al dan niet mag zeggen. Wat beweert hij nu precies en wat is er van aan? Dat punt maakte ook Otto Yang, professor Infectieziekten aan de Universiteit van California, in de krant USA Today. Bij sommige besmettingen kunnen NK-cellen wl specifieker te werk gaan, stipt immunoloog Herman Favoreel (Universiteit Gent) aan. "Natural infection kills. Samen zetten zij zich evenwel af tegen het beleid van keizer Jozef II en streefden zij naar de onafhankelijkheid van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden, hetgeen leidde tot de Brabantse Omwenteling (1789 - 1790). This material may not be reproduced without permission. This growing threat has led what many senior public health officials in the UK and the U.S. to describe as the post-antibiotic apocalypse and the end of modern medicine. It is estimated that 50,000 annual deaths occur in Europe and the U.S. from infections that antibiotics have lost the power to treat. So in fewer than 80 years, we have reached the point at which, for example, with prosthetic surgery, wards are being closed down, patients are being sent home, and operations are no longer possible, because once the prosthesis becomes infected with such bacteria, it is virtually impossible to get rid of them. | Voice for Science and. Sep 13, 2021. In die zin is Vanden Bossche best wel een lastig gegeven, een opposant tegen de eenzijdige stem die gehoord wordt. Vanden Bossche vraagt zich af of de reacties via VRTNWS en Knack berusten op onwetendheid dan wel op het moedwillig verdraaien van de feiten en roept de ons aller gekende experten op het wetenschappelijk debat aan te gaan. These assumptions come without scientific studies or data to support them and indeed are not always reasonable. Indeed, antibodies (Abs) produced by our own immune system can be considered self-made antiviral antibiotics, regardless of whether they are part of our innate immune system (so-called natural Abs) or elicited in response to specific pathogens (resulting in so-called acquired Abs). Laat ons een sereen, publiek debat voeren over de vragen die van belang zijn in plaats van te twitteren. Therefore he has zero credibility when it comes to advising the public or anyone else about how to avoid negative effects of mass vaccination. ", While a universal vaccine that could eradicate virtually any disease certainly sounds great, no evidence exists that such a vaccine has ever successfully been developed. This is what COVID-19 vaccines do, and their ability to reduce the opportunities for the virus to mutate is why rapid vaccination is imperative. As stated, I am not against vaccination. His argument sounds a lot like an argument Andrew Wakefield once made for MMR. Er bestaat geen bewijs dat de beweringen van Geert Vanden Bossche kan ondersteunen. It has been observed that over time Mareks disease virus has become more virulent, and this has been attributed classically to a leaky vaccine effect. Het is opmerkelijk dat alle tegenstemmen worden gesmoord. Exactly. En dan moet je weten dat het coronavirus eigenlijk niet zo heel veel muteert in vergelijking met bijvoorbeeld de griep. Ik zie niet hoe ook maar iets van deze theorie kan kloppen., Leroux-Roels stipt ook nog aan dat Vanden Bossche geen bewijzen aandraagt om die claim te onderbouwen. In 1986 promoveerde hij (PhD) in de virologie aan de Universiteit van Hohenheim (Duitsland). Na de eerste Franse inval in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden verdwenen zij van het toneel. Sounds familiar: suboptimal immune pressure + viral variant! Evidence exists that they achieve this effect even against the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. There's even grift likely involved! Daarna werkte hij als Senior Program Officer voor de Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation en als Senior Ebola Program Manager voor de Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). 1995 - 2023 by Snopes Media Group Inc. Daar werkte hij onder meer aan plannen voor de bestrijding van een mogelijke ebola-pandemie. Author of 'From Midnight to Moonlight' - a book about cats and angels. Als veearts heeft hij wel een wetenschappelijke achtergrond. As I like to say, if you ever write anything that channels Andrew Wakefield, you really should reconsider your life choices. Reality aside, invoking the innate immune system provides two rhetorical benefits. However, increasingly clear evidence exists that the current COVID-19 vaccines reduce transmission, as well as the amount of viral material available for shedding, even in asymptomatic cases. Again, this is an argument antivaxxers have made dating back at least to the pertussis vaccine. Its at this point, though, that Dr. Vanden Bossche throws in a twist specific to COVID-19 in which he argues that undertaking a mass vaccination campaign during a pandemic is dangerous. Ill refer you to Nirenbergs demolition of Dr. Vanden Bossches nonsense about innate immunity, as he explains why its nonsense better than I can. Dr. Geert Vanden Bossche, is a world-class certified expert in microbiology and infectious disease, who also has a Ph.D. in virology and a longstanding career in human vaccinology. There is, indeed, compelling scientific evidence that these cells play a key role in facilitating complete elimination of Covid-19 at an early stage of infection in asymptomatically infected subjects. On March 6, 2021, a Belgian veterinarian named Geert Vanden Bossche published an open letter"to all authorities, scientists and experts around the world" asserting that, in his expert analysis, the current global COVID-19 vaccination program will "wipe out large parts of our human population." Its here that his LinkedIn profile helps, specifically, his entry under Univac: I founded Univac as [sic] inventor of a new vaccine technology which I subsequently further developed as CSO of the Company. While there is no doubt that current vaccines will become less effective over time due to genetic drift, this is not something that vaccine science is unaware of or unprepared for. Geert Vanden Bossche, Stefan Bouckaert, C DEMUYNCK, Guy Mommens, Alex Van Zeveren (UGent) and Jean Paul Remon (UGent) ( 1992 ) AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH. Daar kan je geen grote bevolkingsgroepen uit voorzorg mee vaccineren (wat dus wel kan met de huidige coronavaccins). What Ill do instead is to point out that Dr. Vanden Bossche, whether he realizes it or not, is supporting the conventional argument with respect to COVID-19 vaccination. VRTNWS bevestigd dat er een lang gesprek is geweest met Vanden Bossche. De artikels die hij over vaccins schreef, verschenen enkel in rooftijdschriften (tijdschriften waarin je tegen betaling studies kunt publiceren zonder dat die door wetenschappelijke collega's zijn gecontroleerd).[3]. De vier wetenschappers die we contacteerden, begrijpen niet hoe daar ook maar iets van zou kunnen kloppen. Er zijn overigens niet veel mutaties nodig voor een bacterie om resistent te worden tegen een antibioticum. Er is al vaak gevaccineerd tijdens een epidemie, en dat heeft nog nooit tot grote sterfte geleid. Bent u getuige van een nieuwsfeit of hebt u zelf nieuws te melden? Hence, it also offers unprecedented advantages in terms of safety, convenience and cost-effectiveness. Its a common argument among antivaxxers that the reason were seeing more cases of pertussis in people who have been vaccinated against it is because pertussis is either evolving resistance, or because it is shifting to a different strain not covered by the vaccine. Geert Vanden Bossche, PhD, DVM Independent Researcher --- Mar 2018 - Present Managing Director VARECO Sep 2012 - 2019 Europe Independent vaccine consultant with a long- standing track record in Academia, Vaccine Industry and Global Health (GH); providing support on vaccine project management as So-called leaky vaccines are vaccines that prevent disease, but do not appreciably slow transmission of the pathogen. Although non-self and exposed on the surface of infected or pathologically altered cells, these antigens are not effectively recognised upon natural infection or disease. Zijn pleidooi werd vooral opgevangen en verspreid in de vaccin-kritische beweging. However, as we age, we will increasingly face situations where our innate immunity (often called the first line of immune defense) is not strong enough to halt the pathogen at the portal of entry (mostly mucosal barriers like respiratory or intestinal epithelia). If there emerge SARS-CoV-2 variants that are less susceptible to the immunity produced by COVID-19 vaccines, the answer is to reformulate the vaccines! Because of their fast (NK cells) and universally protective effect, Univac vaccines are uniquely suited to prevent pathogenic agents from escaping host immune responses as of an early stage of infection or immune-mediated disease. Check out pictures, bibliography, biography and community discussions about Geert Vanden Bossche Update information for Geert Vanden Bossche More at IMDbPro Contact Info: View agent, publicist, legal on IMDbPro Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job) Trailers and Videos Explore More Known For Compleetdenkers Self 2022 Duitsland blokkeert goedkeuring, Auto rijdt binnen in huis in Mol, bestuurder pleegt vluchtmisdrijf. De serie is bedacht en geproduceerd door Thomas Van Goethem en is een coproductie tussen Fabric Magic en Ketnet, die de serie ook uitzendt.Elke aflevering bevat twee musicalnummers, telkens . See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover geert . In the case of antibiotics, its called developing antibiotic resistance; in the case of vaccines, its called immune escape. As I noted when Andrew Wakefield explicitly used the example of Mareks disease to claim that a leaky vaccine to MMR would cause a global catastrophe by selecting for deadly measles variants, yes, a leaky vaccine changes the selective pressure and permits the evolution of highly virulent strains because the virus retains the ability to continue to spread among vaccinated populations, leading to the vaccine selecting for the most virulent mutations. However, NK cell-based vaccines will primarily enable our natural immunity to be better prepared (memory!) It is, as McGill's Jonathan Jarry wrote and as Yale's Omer told us, a classic example of the appeal-to-nature fallacy that invokes the primacy of natural solutions, mechanisms, or substances over those deemed unnatural and human created. Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. Hoogstens een paar doelgerichte mutaties, zo schrijft hij in zijn open brief met de titel gericht aan de bevoegde instanties, de experten van het adviescomit en het coronacommissariaat, en bij uitbreiding de hele bevolking. Vanden Bossche ist nach eigenen Angaben Veterinrmediziner mit einem Abschluss in Virologie. The solution to that risk is to vaccinate as many people as quickly as possible, thereby reducing both transmission of the virus and the number of environments in which mutations could occur. He does apparently have some history working on vaccines. Hun leider was de rechtsgeleerde Hendrik van der Noot (1731 - 1827). But wait, says Dr. Vanden Bossche. Unfortunately, it remains untouched by those who have the power to act. The world is changing and the change is gaining speed ! Several variations of the originally isolated strain have emerged since the start of the pandemic, and some of these variants are more infectious, contagious, or possibly deadly. Quote Tweets. However, Bigtree, Coleman and others dont point out any of the red flags. Relatiedeskundige Rika Ponnet beantwoordt de vraag van de week: "Moeder-dochterrelaties zijn meest complexe relaties Dan toch geen Europees verbod op benzine- en dieselwagens? Maar bij corona is het nog niet aangetoond. Last Monday, I provided international health organizations, including the WHO, with my analysis of the current pandemic as based on scientifically informed insights in the immune biology of Covid-19. So its not surprising that Dr. Vanden Bossches letter reminds me of Andrew Wakefields warning about the MMR vaccine. Ten derde wijst hij erop dat de gezondheidsrisico's van Covid-19 voor gezonde kinderen, zoals ziekenhuisopname, verwaarloosbaar klein zijn en dat vaccinatie vanuit dat oogpunt voor die groep geen enkele zin heeft. "Vanden Bossche received his DVM from the University of Ghent, Belgium, and his PhD degree in Virology from the University of Hohenheim, Germany. Volg VRT NWS op uw smartphone of tablet via de VRT NWS-app. Perhaps no more tired a trope exists in the world of faux cures than the "I have found a problem that no other scientist in the world has thought of and only my untested and unproven cure can stop it" gambit. If the virus manages to do so, it can benefit from the (momentarily) suppressed innate immunity, thereby causing disease in an increasing number of these subjects and ensuring its own propagation. David H. Gorski, MD, PhD, FACS is a surgical oncologist at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute specializing in breast cancer surgery, where he also serves as the American College of Surgeons Committee on Cancer Liaison Physician as well as an Associate Professor of Surgery and member of the faculty of the Graduate Program in Cancer Biology at Wayne State University. Het publiekelijk schofferen van wetenshappers of mensen die hun job kwijt raken of beledigd worden omdat ze zich kritisch uitspreken, zulke zaken passen niet in onze cultuur van vrije meningsuiting en open debat. Hoe schandalig is het brugpensioen van Marc Leemans? ", The notion that lockdowns have weakened our innate immune system is equally without basis. Specifically, scientists have long been pointing out that, the more we let COVID-19 circulate, the more likely virus variants that can escape the immune response to the vaccine (and/or to natural infection) are to emerge, and they use this argument as a rationale for vaccinating as many people as possible as fast as possible, in order to slow that circulation of the virus to as low a rate as possible, thus reducing the opportunities for strains resistant to the vaccine and strains able to re-infect previously infected people to emerge. As the unprecedented extent of human intervention in the Covid-19- pandemic is now at risk of resulting in a global catastrophe without equal, this call cannot sound loudly and strongly enough. (Truly, those were simpler times.). Is Vanden Bossche fout met zijn theorie of is hij een kiezel in de schoen van de media en experten die het debat domineren omtrent de covid aanpak. More recently, he set up his own website to publicize his letter: We've put together a website to gather all information, scientific documents and interviews I've posted on this public health emergency. Well, similar to the rules applying to classical antimicrobial antibiotics, it is paramount that our self-made antiviral antbiotcs [sic] are made available in sufficient concentration and are tailored at the specific features of our enemy. ), lets just review what Wakefield claimed about the MMR vaccine back in 2019. The production of targeted antibodies obviously creates a different response than a natural infection because "you're producing antibodies against specific needs therefore you have a limited targeted immune response, not the whole response that you see after an infection." Lets compare Dr. Vanden Bossches letter to what Wakefield wrote back in 2019. Geert Vanden Bossche - PhD, DVM - Independent | LinkedIn Dr. Vanden Bossche received his DVM from the University of Ghent, Belgium, and his PhD degree in Virology from the University of. VRT journalist Vincent Merckx melde dat Vanden Bossche niet wou reageren, die informatie is dus vals. As any chicken farmer knows (or any veterinarian like Dr. Vanden Bossche should know), vaccinating against Mareks disease has population health benefits in that it prevents mass death due to the disease, even if the vaccine can allow more virulent strains to evolve. If you claim to be not antivaccine but your message is so attractive to a rabid antivaxxer and leader of the antivaccine movement like Del Bigtree that he spends an hour promoting it, you are either deluding yourself about being not antivaccine, or youre a useful idiot for the antivaccine movement, possibly both. Alleen: zon NK-vaccin is er nog niet en het zit er ook de volgende jaren niet in. Het komt maar zelden voor dat een nieuwe variant van een virus dodelijker is. Mass vaccination programs, he claims, are "turning vaccinees into asymptomatic carriers" who can unknowingly spread these more dangerous strains by "shedding infectious variants." En wat doen we ondertussen dan? Ook noemt Rien Emmery Vanden Bossche wat denigrerend veearts. Nu is het een ander verhaal. Er is dus nog zeer veel onderzoek nodig naar NK-cellen. Also, as I said at the time, while it is possible that the B. pertussis bacteria is developing resistance to the vaccine through natural selection, the evidence that it is doing so struck me as weak and preliminary, just as the evidence claiming that SARS-CoV-2 is evolving to be resistant to current vaccines strikes me as weak and preliminary. Er hatte sich am 6. Bioavailability of two ibuprofen oral paste formulations is fasted and non fasted ponies. Feb 18 Replying to @RespectingFA My intention was to write a scientific work to provide my fellow scientists with the indispensable insight that they now so often lack. Let me try to explain this by means of a more easily understood phenomenon: Antimicrobial resistance. Dr. Gorski's full information can be found here, along with information for patients. That. He also points out that there is new research challenging the previous dogma that leaky vaccines always select for more virulent strains of pathogen and cannot produce herd immunity. Integendeel, zegt vaccinoloog Corinne Vandermeulen (KU Leuven), en ze somt de epidemien op die in het verleden net onder controle gebracht zijn door te vaccineren: Cholera, ebola, polio. "Zelfs van levende kunstenaars als Dillemans worden er tekeningen Herman De Croo gaat extra vergoeding bovenop pensioen schenken aan Stichting tegen Kanker, Mannen getuigen over seksueel geweld tijdens de oorlog: "Het is erger dan afgeranseld worden", Zus van Olivier Vandecasteele reageert op uitspraak Grondwettelijk Hof: "Beste dat wij konden verwachten", Acteur Tom Sizemore (61), bekend van "Saving private Ryan" en "Heat", overleden. "There can be no doubt," Vanden Bossche asserts, "that lack of exposure due to stringent containment measures implemented as of the beginning of the pandemic has not been beneficial to keeping peoples innate immune system well trained. However, this type of prophylactic vaccines [sic] are completely inappropriate, and even highly dangerous, when used in mass vaccination campaigns during a viral pandemic. He also states that hes worked with GAVI: The Vaccine Alliance and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, although searching the websites, I could find no reference to him other than a report written by him and others to GAVI about progress on an Ebola vaccine. On the contrary, I can assure you that each of the current vaccines have been designed, developed and manufactured by brilliant and competent scientists. The virus is now able to escape immunity (so-called: immune escape). Hij beweert dat de coronavaccins ertoe zullen leiden dat het coronavirus verder muteert en zo bestand wordt tegen die vaccins. Amusingly, as I was looking this post over earlier this morning for a final edit, I saw that no less a grifter than RFK Jr. himself had published a rebuttal to Dr. Vanden Bossches open letter by someone named Rosemary Frei, The Not-So-Hidden Agenda Behind Bossches Concern Over COVID Mass Vaccination. Van den Bossche or Vandenbossche is a Dutch surname originating in Flanders. En nooit is het probleem daardoor groter gemaakt. Before this open letter, I hadnt recalled ever having heard of Dr. Vanden Bossche before, so I looked around. Het vaccin is God niet. and to induce herd immunity (which is exactly the opposite of what current Covid-19 vaccines do as those increasingly turn vaccine recipients into asymptomatic carriers who are shedding virus). This is not all that impressive, given that Snopes could only identify two patent applications in Vanden Bossche's name both for "immunologic formulations" and both of these patents, records indicate, had their "applications terminated before publication.". 721. Vanden Bossche stelt het voor alsof een virus na slechts enkele mutaties al bestand kan zijn tegen een vaccin en zo erg dodelijk kan worden. The resulting type of immune response is unprecedented and licenses the host immune system to readily eliminate infection or to cure disease across a broad range of unrelated pathogens and/ or mammalian species. As a result, Im posting this. And its true. Even more hilariously (and a bit uncomfortably) Frei is pretty spot on when she notes: However, this is on very shaky ground. Vanden Bossche has been able to avoid allegations of peddling such a cure at least in the credulous anti-vaccine community because his resume legitimately includes stints at companies or initiatives involved in vaccine development, including The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. p.381-386. It is precisely this type of highly specific, high affinity Abs that current Covid-19 vaccines are inducing. TV Shows. Je laten vaccineren lijkt wel het nieuwe dopen. Hij was daarbij kritisch over de veiligheid van een ebolavaccin. As we explain below, this scenario is speculative, scientifically flawed, logically inconsistent, and belied by actual data. Basically, its a race against evolution to get as many people as possible vaccinated before the virus can evolve resistance to the vaccine, and were fortunate that, contrary to Bossches claim, SARs-CoV-2 does not mutate very fast for an RNA virus. Een drietal weken geleden kwam viroloog en vaccin ontwikkelaar Geert Vanden Bossche naar buiten met een ernstige bezorgdheid omtrent de massavaccinatie tegen covid-19 die momenteel wereldwijd in ongeziene vaart aan de gang is. Vanden Bossche asserts that COVID-19 vaccines pose a unique risk of producing dangerous variants in part because people who are vaccinated will be spreading the mutations while asymptomatic. Leroux-Roels duikt tijdens ons gesprek in de databank clinicaltrials.com, waar alle wetenschappelijke studies geregistreerd worden. There's even grift likely involved! De statisten waren een politieke fractie tijdens de Brabantse Omwenteling, die aanhangers waren van de Staten. Speaking with McGill University's Office for Science and Society, Dr. Paul Offit, a doctor and vaccine scientist who serves as director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, explained that no matter where one is or was quarantined, you are still constantly exposed to microorganisms challenging your immune system. Je kan gerust zon idee als het NK-vaccin voorstellen, vindt Leroux-Roels, Maar het lijkt me beter om in een epidemie te werken met een benadering waarvan we weten dat ze veilig is en op korte termijn werkt. Up to this point, at its core and leaving aside minor variations, Dr. Vanden Bossches argument about COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 is pretty close to exactly the same argument that Wakefield fallaciously made about MMR and measles. Nirenberg goes further and notes that the antibody titers induced by vaccines are MUCH higher than those seen after infection, and we see hallmarks of memory responses induced by these vaccines from even a single dose, suggesting that, even though there is a decrease in neutralization by vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, that might not portend a loss in protection. Now, lets compare the passage above to what Andrew Wakefield wrote about MMR and vaccines: Antibiotic use has selected out multiply resistant, more dangerous, and more pathogenic strains of bacteria. Geert Vanden Bossche Stokes Fear of COVID-19 Vaccine To Promote His Own Flawed 'Solution' Anti-vaccine activists are promoting a veterinarian's claim that the only way to prevent a future. Wie is Geert Vanden Bossche? Dat is net de aangeboren respons die aangewakkerd wordt., Virussen die resistent worden tegen vaccins, zien we amper. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 2 nov 2022 om 05:23. Not for him is the too-slow process of seeking feedback from fellow experts or publishing in the scientific literature (even on a pre-print server). Men noemt mij een stalker omdat ik oproep tot debat. Sure, we dont yet have a firm grasp of how much the vaccine decreases transmission, but there is good emerging evidence that it does significantly decrease transmission. Ze vindt wereldwijd slechts twee onderzoeken naar een NK-vaccin tegen COVID-19, die bovendien allebei nog niet van start zijn gegaan. A certain friend of the blog has written about this (at least twice), as has Skeptical Raptor. The molecular weight cut-off of microcapsules is determined by the reaction between alginate and polylysine. After all, as Nirenberg and the review article I quoted above note, while it is true that variants of concern demonstrate reduced antibody neutralization, we do not as yet have an absolute correlate regarding how high an antibody level is required to be protective, making the practical meaning of this observation difficult to determine.
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