2. These descriptive The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. both quantitative and qualitative research. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Women-centred and intersectional state feminism, state feminism inside and outside a welfare state context, and state feminism more and less democratized are compared, and it is argued that from the cost side, descriptive representation is more recommendable in a democratized, intersectional state feminist regime than in a women-centred technocratic one, whereas the effects of the welfare state variable on descriptive representation costs are more mixed. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). It is an Efficient Form of Government. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. (2004). The Great Compromise And The Basics Of Bicameralism, Senate Representation And House Apportionment, Summary of the Institutional Design of Congress, Types Of Representation: Looking Out For Constituents, Collective Representation And Congressional Approval, Summary of House and Senate Organizations, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Should Congress Look Like America? (1996). ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . Swiss-Subsaharan Africa Migration Inaugural call, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123404000134, Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. Your email address will not be published. This helps to avoid wastage of time. Reading a hundred pages may not give any scope to make a decision. Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The changing nature of European equality regimes. 1. so that you can track your progress. 3. This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the "what is" of a topic. (2005a). Holst, C. (2010). In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. Comparative state feminism. Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. Galligan, Y. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. (2001). Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Pages 491-507. A table lists data in columns. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Teigen, M. (2000). Goodin, R. 2004. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. In K. Ross (Ed. Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads London: Routledge. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. It is different from exploratory research in that it is typically more focused on a certain unknown or unproven aspect of the project. Implicit Standards for Evaluating Representatives . In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Proportional Representation These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. 26 ubat 2021 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Companies use descriptive research analysis, but it has both advantages and disadvantages. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. . This at times has started a great racial tension which has been negative but, shows some of the true colors of American which I feel is greatly needed. 2. 518). Kymlicka, W. (1993). The point of this chapter is neither to define the threshold level of effective state feminism nor to argue that state feminism actually delivers better than descriptive representation. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African American representatives also began to enter Congress in increasing numbers. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Descriptive research designs also offer a unique means of data collection. Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. Learn how your comment data is processed. New York: Palgrave. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. University of Neuchtel. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. (pp. Princeton: Princeton University Press. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. Aldershot: Ashgate. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). In our current system, voters are given one vote to . Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. In B. Grofman et al. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. Young, I. M. (1990). New York: Routledge. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. The pros and cons of descriptive research analysis. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. Democratic legitimacy. Lexington: D. C. Heath. Olsen, J. P. (2013). Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. - 136.243.94.45. For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. $\endgroup . Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. Conclusion. Representing Diversity. List of the Pros of Experimental Research 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. 1. For discussions of gender quotas in corporate boards, see, for example, Engelstad and Teigen (2012). A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. 4. Perhaps youve even made it yourself. that is one example, One of their most vital discoveries was that distinction in wrongdoing rates crosswise over territories did not change with changes in the populace yet remained steady crosswise over time. Disadvantages of proportional representation. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . Como Hacer Suero De Leche Venezolano, Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Journal of Politics, 61(3), 628657. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. New York: Oxford University Press. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. Many advances in womens rights have been the result of womens greater engagement in politics and representation in the halls of government, especially since the founding of the National Organization for Women in 1966 and the National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC) in 1971. Inclusion and democracy. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Horizontal Communication Rawls, J. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. in or register, Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers.
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